Biochemistry Hemostasis

Front 1

Cell fragments formed from megakaryocytes

Back 1

Platelets

Front 2

Form the initial hemostatic plug

Back 2

platelets

Front 3

Which two things are first expressed on the exposed subendothelial surface

Back 3

Collagen and Von Willebrand Factor

Front 4

Which three things are released from vesicles within the platelets when adhesion begins?

Back 4

1. Serotonin 2. Thromboxane A2 3.ADP

Front 5

Which three proteins fascilitate platelet-platelet interactions during platelet deposition on the damaged surface?

Back 5

1. von Willebrand Factor 2.Fibronectin 3. Vitronectin

Front 6

Asprin works at the level of what?

Back 6

Thromboxane A2 Production

Front 7

Plavix interferes with:

Back 7

ADP Signaling

Front 8

Is driven by factors present in circulating blood

Back 8

intrisic pathway

Front 9

Depends on a factor derived from tissues

Back 9

Extrinsic pathway

Front 10

Initiates clot formation

Back 10

Extrinsic pathway

Front 11

---------- is exposed upon rupture of the endothelial lining of the blood vessel

Back 11

Tissue Factor

Front 12

TF complexes with which other factor to activate it?

Back 12

VII

Front 13

TF and Factor VII activate which other factor

Back 13

X -> Xa

Front 14

Xa combines with which other factor?

Back 14

V

Front 15

Factors Xa & V convert what to what?

Back 15

Converts Prothrombin to Thrombin

Front 16

Thrombin further activates the intrinsic pathway by converting which two factors?

Back 16

V and VII

Front 17

Thrombin activates which factor of the intrinsic pathway?

Back 17

VIII

Front 18

Activated thrombin also converts _______ to _______ which aggregate and form structural components of the clot.

Back 18

Fibrinogen to Fibrin

Front 19

These linkages form covalent crosslinks between fibrin monomers, hardening the clot

Back 19

isopeptide linkages between the amide of glutamine and amino group of lysine

Front 20

Which factor creates a catalytically active transglutamninase that assists in hardening a blood clot?

Back 20

XIII

Front 21

This protein is a hexamer comprised of three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) each present twice:

Back 21

Fibrinogen

Front 22

The six polypeptide chains of fibrinogen are held together by what kind of bonds?

Back 22

Disulfide

Front 23

The ________ are highly negatively charged and extend from the central domain of fibrinogen as frayed ends.

Back 23

N-terminal ends, located in the middle of 3 globular domains

Front 24

Active _________ cleaves the frayed ends of fibrinogen, resulting in the aggregation of fibrin molecules

Back 24

Thrombin

Front 25

Several proteins in the coagulation pathway contain the modified amino acid ________.

Back 25

Gamma Carboxy glutamic acid (Gla)

Front 26

Gla residues bind _____ and this interaction is critical for the functions of proteins containing Gla.

Back 26

Calcium

Front 27

Formation of Gla residues requires________.

Back 27

Fat soluble vitamin K

Front 28

Which two drugs act as analogs of vitamin K and inhibit blood clotting?

Back 28

Warfarin & Dicoumarol

Front 29

Vitamin K _________ inhibits the clotting process:

Back 29

Deficiency

Front 30

This pathway accelerates clot formation:

Back 30

Intrinsic pathway

Front 31

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge at the activation of factor ____.

Back 31

X

Front 32

Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in which factor?

Back 32

VIII

Front 33

Factor VIII is stabilized in the serum by association with :

Back 33

soluble von Willebrand Factor

Front 34

Hemophilia B (Christmas Disease) is caused by a deficiency in which factor?

Back 34

Factor IX

Front 35

Interference in _________ can lead to thrombi, clots, and infarctions.

Back 35

anticoagulation

Front 36

An integral membrane protein found on the endothelial cell surface that is involved in the activation of protein C.

Back 36

Thrombomodulin

Front 37

Changes the structure of thrombin so that it no longer effciently cleaves fibrinogen

Back 37

Thrombomodulin

Front 38

Is modified to cleave protein C to Ca, instead of fibrinogen

Back 38

Thrombin

Front 39

Protein Ca complexes with cofactor S to inactivate factors __ & ___.

Back 39

Va & VIIIa

Front 40

Defiencies in factors _____ &_____ are rare but can increase the risk of venous thrombosis.

Back 40

Factors C & S

Front 41

A mutation in factor V that renders it resistant to inactivation by __________.

Back 41

Factor V/Leiden, protein Ca

Front 42

A relatively common mutation associated with venous thrombosis.

Back 42

Factor V/Leiden

Front 43

Antithrombin inhbits the activity of which three things

Back 43

1) Thrombin 2) Factor IXa
3) Factor Xa

Front 44

Is a member of the SERPIN (Serine protease inhibitors) family of proteins:

Back 44

Antithrombin

Front 45

Antithrombin's activity is substantially enhanced by _______.

Back 45

Heparin

Front 46

Antithrombin III deficiency is associated with an increased risk of __________.

Back 46

Venous thrombosis

Front 47

Heterogenous group of polysaccharides, all of which bind antithrombin:

Back 47

Heparin

Front 48

High molecular weight heparins have a preference for _______.

Back 48

inhibiting thrombin

Front 49

Low molecular weight heparin has a prederece for inhibiting _____.

Back 49

Factor Xa

Front 50

Fibrinolysis is driven by the activation of which proteolytic enzyme?

Back 50

Plasmin

Front 51

Which protein activated during the anticoagulation phase degrades plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI)?

Back 51

Protein C

Front 52

Proteolytic enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin.

Back 52

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA)

Front 53

Degrades fibrin present in the clot to soluble fibrin fragments.

Back 53

Plasmin

Front 54

Which two things are used to clinically promote clot dissolution during MI and stroke?

Back 54

t-PA and Streptokinase

Front 55

Which factors are measured by PT?

Back 55

Factors V, VII, X, thrombin and fibrinogen

Front 56

Which factors are measured by aPTT?

Back 56

VIII, IX, XI, XII, thrombin and fibrinogen

Front 57

In aPTT blood is removed from the body and stimulated to clot by _______.

Back 57

Kaolin, phospholipids and calcium.

Front 58

In a PT blood is removed from the body and stimulated to clot by the addition of ________.

Back 58

Thromboplastin and calcium

Front 59

Which factor is associated with a high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK)? Which pathway is this a part of?

Back 59

Factor XI - Intrinsic Pathway