Biochem: Cell Membrane

Front 1

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 1

Glucose uses what type of transport?

Front 2

Symport

Back 2

Na + Glucose Transport uses what type of tranport

Front 3

ECF

Back 3

1/3 fluid of cell

Front 4

Phospholipids, glycoshingolipids, cholesterol

Back 4

Major lipids in mamalian membranes

Front 5

Lipds, CHONS, CHO-containing molecules

Back 5

Membranes composed of

Front 6

Myelin (0.23)

Mouse of liver cells (0.85 ratio)

Back 6

Membrane where lipid exceeds protein content

Front 7

Phosphatidic Acid

Back 7

Simplest form of PHOSPHOGLYCERIDE

Front 8

Phosphatidyl-choline

Back 8

Major Phosphoglyceride by mass in membranes

Front 9

Phosphoglyceride, Sphingomyelin

Back 9

2 Phospholipids

Front 10

GSL

Back 10

Sugar containing lipids built on backbone ceramide

Front 11

More kinks

Back 11

More double bonds means (in cell membranes)

Front 12

Straight tails

Back 12

Saturated fatty acids (CM component)

Front 13

02, C02 and N2

Back 13

Substances that readily diffuse into the cell

Front 14

H2O

Back 14

Substance; very High permeability coefficient but impermeable to cell membrane

Hint 14

High permeability = High Diffusion across

Front 15

1. Inner

2. Outer

Back 15

(inner/outer leaflet)

1. Phosphatidyl serine?

2. Phosphatidyl choline?

Hint 15

Choline containing PL: OUTER

AminoPL: inner

Front 16

1. Outer

2. Inner

Back 16

(inner/outer leaflet)

1. Sphingomyelin?

2. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine

Front 17

1. Direct contact

2. Transport from ER in vesicles

3. Phospholipid exchange CHON's

Back 17

How lipids enter membranes? (3)

Front 18

Integral CHON

Back 18

Membrane CHON that require detergents

Front 19

Integral

Back 19

Most membrane CHON's are:

Integral?

Peripheral?

Front 20

Integral CHON

Back 20

Membrane CHON with hydrophillic ends and inner hydrophobic region

Front 21

⬆unsaturared FA= ⬆Fluidity

Back 21

⬆fluidity = ⬆Permeability

Front 22

Lipid rafts

Back 22

Sp feature in CM; Involved in signal transduction

Front 23

Caveolae

Back 23

Sp feature in CM; derived from lipid rafts; flasked shaped facing cytosol

Hint 23

Chons:

Insulin receptor, Gprotein, folate receptor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Front 24

Tight jx's

Back 24

Sp feature in CM; loc below apical surfaces in epithelial cells; prevent diffusion of macromolec between cells

Hint 24

Eg occludins, claudins, juctional adhesions molec's

Front 25

Thermal agitation

Conc gradient

Solubility of solute

Back 25

Simple diffusions is limited by certain factors (3)

Front 26

Only passive

Back 26

(Ion channels)

Passive?

Active?

Front 27

Either

Back 27

(transporters)

Active?

Passive?

Front 28

Na

Back 28

Which has higher charge density?

Na or K?

Hint 28

⬆charge density = larger shell of hydration= more difficult to diffuse

Front 29

Conc gradient

Electrical potential

Permeability coef

Hydrostatic pressure gradient

Temperature

Back 29

Factors affecting net diffusion (5)

Front 30

Conc gradient

Amt of carriers avail

Affinity of solute + carrier interaction

Rapidity of conformational change for loaded/unloaded carriers

Back 30

Factors affecting rate of facilitated diffusion (4)

Front 31

Insulin

Back 31

⬆'s glucose transpo to fat and muscles

⬆'s AA transpo into liver

Hint 31

Hormone, same with Glucocorticoid Hormones

Front 32

Growth hormones

Back 32

⬆'s AA transpo in all cells

Hint 32

Hormone

Front 33

Ionophores

Back 33

Shuttles for the mov't of ions

Hint 33

Eg valinomycin for k+ ions

Front 34

Ionophores

Back 34

Hydrophillic center and

Hydrophobic periphery

Front 35

Aquaporin

Back 35

Form water channels that improve simple diffusion; permit passage of H20; Exlude (02 binding in lining) proton and (narrow) ion passage

Hint 35

There are 10 aquaporin

Ap2: nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

Front 36

Hydrolysis of ATP

Electron movt

Light

Back 36

Sources of energy for Active transpo (3)

Front 37

30%

Back 37

Maintenance of concentration gradient is what (%) of total energy expenditure

Front 38

ATPase

Back 38

Integral CHON activated by Na, K

Front 39

Calcium

Back 39

What stimulates both endocytosis and exocytosis

Front 40

1. Non selective

2. Selective

Back 40

(Selective/nonselective)

1. Fluid phase pinocytosis?

2. Absortptive:Receptor mediated?

Front 41

PIP2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate)

Back 41

Impt role in vesicle assembly

Front 42

GAP junx

Back 42

Permit direct transfer of small molecule;

Front 43

Gap junx

Back 43

Composed of connexins

Front 44

12, 2

Back 44

How many connexins in connexon?

How many hemiconnexon in " ?

Front 45

CV abnorm

1 type of deafness

Xlinked charcot marie tooth disease

Back 45

Mutations in gene encoding connexins (3)

Front 46

Receptors

Enzymes

Transporters

Ion channels

Structural components

Back 46

CHONS in Plasma memrabe (5)

Front 47

Diseases/ pathologic states

Back 47

Abnormalities of membranes

Front 48

A. Fluid

B. Absorptive

Back 48

Two types of pinocytosis

Front 49

Transporters aka carriers/permeases

Active transporters aka pumps

Back 49

Conparison of transporter and Ion channel

Front 50

ICF = K, Mg, PO4, CHON

ECF= Na, Ca, Cl, HCO, gluc

Back 50

Molecule concentrations in ECF, ICF

Front 51

Oligosaccharide chainsbof membrane glycoCHON

Back 51

Membrane abnormality:

For metastasis of cancer cell

Front 52

PNH

Back 52

Membrane abno:

Mutation resulting in ⬇ attachment of the GPI anchor

Front 53

Heriditary spherocytosis

Back 53

Mutations in the gene encodig spectrin

Front 54

Sphingomyelin

Back 54

2nd major class of Phospholipids

Front 55

a. Phosphoglyceride

b. Sphingomyelin

c. GSL

Back 55

Glycerol backbone is to ___a____

Sphingosine backbone is to ____b____

Ceramide backbone is to ___c____

Front 56

A. Plasma membrane

B. Mitochondria, golgi, nuclear membrane

Back 56

A. Main locations of cholesterol?

B. Other minor locations?

Front 57

Enzymatic markers for diff membranes

Back 57

What is the enzamtic marker for plasma membrane? (3)

Er?

Golgi app?

Front 58

1. Small size molecule

2. Relatively lack of charge

Back 58

Why does H2O have a ⬆ permeability coefficient?

Front 59

Hydrophobic

Back 59

Many drugs are __________

(hydrophobic or hydrophillic?)

Hint 59

To readily traverse the membrane

Front 60

Membrane Phospholipids

Back 60

Used as solvent for membrane CHON's to have it functional

Front 61

A. Negative

B. Positive

Back 61

A. Polar AA's have ( pos/neg) hydrophobicities?

B. Hydrophobic AA?

Front 62

Glycophosphatidylinositol structure (GPI)

Back 62

A number of cell surface CHON's are linked to the plasma membrane via

Front 63

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE

Back 63

A technique that separates membrane CHON's based on their molecular mass

Front 64

Translocases

Back 64

Transfer certain PL's (phosphatidylcholine) from the inner leaflet to the outer

Front 65

Globular

Back 65

Shape of integral CHON's

Front 66

Glycophorin A

Back 66

Simple membrane proteins eg span the membrane only once

Hint 66

Everything else, many times

Front 67

SALT Solutions of high ionic strength

Back 67

Peripheral CHON's can be released or treated using?

Hint 67

Eg. ankyrin (bound in band 3)

Spectrin (cytoskeletal structure in RBC)

Front 68

Dont interact directly with the hydrophobic cores of the PL's in the bilayer

Back 68

Why do peripheral CHON's do not require detergents?

Front 69

Lipid membranes

Back 69

Formation of lipid membranes

Front 70

Mild sonication: treated to PL's eiyher natural or synthetic to form vesicles in which lipids form a bilayer

Back 70

How are liposomes formed?

Front 71

1. Lipid content can be varied

2. Purified membrane CHON's or enz can be incorporated

3. The environment can be controlled

4. Liposomes madee can be used to entrap certain compounds inside themselves (eg drugs and isolated genes)

Back 71

Advantages of using artificial membrane systems (4)

Front 72

Phospholipid

Back 72

Rapid during lateral diffusion

Front 73

True

Back 73

Cholesterol modifies fluidity of membranes? T/F

Front 74

Limiting fluidity

Back 74

Normal: ⬆ Tm = ⬆fluidity

But with Cholesterol,

⬆Tm = ❓