Biochemistry-Glycolysis

Front 1

Hexokinase

Back 1

First Regulated Step of Glycolisis
Puts Pi on Glucose position 6
Glucose now stays in cell
Inhibited- by product G-6-P
In liver called Glucokinase and isnt inhibited by G-6-P

Front 2

Phosphoglucose Isomerase

Back 2

changes glucose into Fructose-6-phosphate (6C-5C)

Front 3

PFK-1

Phosphofructokinase

Back 3

2nd regulated step and MOST REGULATED STEP
uses Pi of ATP and makes

Fructose-1,6, Bisphosphate

Front 4

Regulation of PFK-1
1.)Inhibition
2.) Stimulation

Back 4

Inhibition- ATP, pH (from lactate), Citrate (TCA Product)
Stimulation- AMP, F2,6BP (made by PFK2)

Front 5

PFK-2

Phosphofructokinase 2

Back 5

Off Glycolytic Pathway-makes
FRUCTO 2,6 BISPHOSPHATE
THIS UPREGULATES PFK-1A
isomer of F 1,6 Bpi
*PFK-2 and FBPase are both part of one enzyme with 2 subunts and 2 activities*
Stimulates PFK-1

Front 6

Fructose Bisphosphatase 2
FBPase 2

Back 6

Inhibits action of PFK2 by turning its product F2,6 BP back into F-1,6 Phosphate
*PFK-2 and FBPase are both part of one enzyme with 2 subunts and 2 activities*

Front 7

Aldose

Back 7

John Bleushi
breaks F-1,6 BP into 2 things
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP)
Dihydroxy Acetone Phosphate (DHAP)

Front 8

Triosphospate Isomerase

Back 8

turns (DHAP) into(GAP)
now have 2 3c molcules

Front 9

Next unregulated steps in GLycolysis and Ennergy use/products
1.)Dehydrogenase
2.)Kinase
3.)Mutase
4.)Enolase

Back 9

1.)Pi, NAD+ into 2 NADPH
2.)ADP into 2 ATP
3.)H20 out
4.)

Front 10

Pyruvate Kinase

Back 10

third regulated step of glycolysis
turns phosphoenolpyruvate into puruvate
ADP to 2 ATP
NET GAIN GLYCOLYSIS- 2 ATP
Inhibitied-ATP, Alanine
ALOSETRICALLY INHIBITED-Pi
Stimulated- f 1,6 BP

Front 11

Where can Pyruvate go?

Back 11

1.)Acetylaldehyde to ethanol
2.)Lactate-NADH+ to NAD+ & H- this NAD is necessary for glycolysis to continue
3.)Acetyl- Co A

Front 12

Gluconeogenesis

Back 12

Force into sugar
Stars in matrixx but ends in cytoplasm

Front 13

Pyruvate Carboxylase

Back 13

Co-enzyme=biotin
Adds a C02
becomes Oxaloacetate (4C)
Inhibited-ADP
Stimulated-Acetyl CoA

Front 14

Oxaloacetate to Malate

Back 14

OAA cant leave matrix
grabs e- from NADH to NAD+ and becomes Malate
Malate leaves matrix and drops e- back on NAD+ to NADH and is now OAA in cytosol

Front 15

Phosphoenol carboxykinase

PEPCK

Back 15

turns OAA into Phospohoenol puryvate

then steps backward to fructo 1,6 BP are exact oposite of glycolysis

Front 16

Fructo 1-6 Bisphosphatase

Back 16

removes a Pi
turns F1,6 BP into F,6 P
Corallary step in Glycolysis is PFK 1 making F,6 P into
F1,6 BP
Inhibited-Fructose 2,6 BP
Stimulate-Citrate,

Front 17

Glucose 6 Phosphatase

Back 17

IN liver only!
turns Glucose 6 Phosphate into Glucose
(an isomerase again turns F 1,6 BP into G-6-Phosphate)

Front 18

Hormonal regulation of Glycolysis-liver muscle
1.)Inhibited by?

Back 18

1.) Glucagon inhibits pyruvate kinase and PFK1- 2 key regulatory steps

Front 19

Mechanism of Inhibition

Back 19

1-bind receptor
2-G protein cascade-CAMP
3-CAMP activate PKA
4-PKA Pi on PKFA2 inhibits
and FBPase 2 active
5-a Phosphotase removes Pi so PFK-2 active and FBPase 2 inacive