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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrient
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any substance in food that the body can use to obtain energy, synthesize tissues, or regulate body processes
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Essential nutrient
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nutrients which body can not produce
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Non-essential nutrients
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nutrients which body can produce
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Macronutrient
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a nutrient which is needed in large amounts
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Examples of macronutrients
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Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Water
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Micronutrient
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nutrient which are not needed in large amounts, but rather smaller amounts
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Examples of micronutrients
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Vitamins and Minerals
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Functions of Nutrients
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1) to promote growth, provide energy and maintain health of individual
2) energy 3) synthesis of tissue constituents 4) cofactors for metabolic reactions 5) regulation of body temperature |
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Common vitamin and mineral co-factors
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Vitamin B's
Calcium Magnesium |
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What is the Recommended Daily Allowance measure?
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Measures the best estimates of how much of a nutrient intake is required to meet the requirements of practically all healthy individuals
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Nutrient requirement
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How much of each nutrient the body requires to maintain physiologic functions and internal reserves
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What are the Dietary Reference Intakes?
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1) Estimated Average Requirement
2) Recommended Daily Allowance 3) Adequate Intakes 4) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels |
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What does the Estimated Average Requirements measure?
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Measures the nutrient level estimated to meet the needs of 50% of the particular population.
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Advantages of the Estimated Average Requirements
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1) Recognizes possible health benefits beyond basic physiologic function
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Disadvantages of the Estimated Average Requirements
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1) Still not determined for some nutrients due to a lack of knowledge
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Disadavantages of the "New" Recommended Dietary Allowances
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1)Not always an accurate measure of individual requirements
2)Very often overestimates requirements |
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What does Adequate Intake measure?
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Same as EAR but used when EAR can not be determined
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Disadvantages of Adequate Intake
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When used it reflects the lack of knowledge about the nutrient being tracked
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What does Upper Intake Levels measure?
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Measures maximal intakes that are thought to be safe.
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Disadvantages of Upper Intake Levels
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1)Only considers supplements
2)More is not always better 3)Not to be sued as a target intake for any population |
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What does Daily Reference Values measure or do?
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-It suggests maximal levels of intake for fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium.
-It also suggests intake levels of carbohydrates, proteins, and fiber. |
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What does the Reference Daily Intakes measure?
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Measures the highest amount of each nutrient recommended for any adult age group.
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What causes malnutrition?
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1) Inadequate Intake
2) Increased need due to disease, age, genetic susceptibility, and growth. 3) Excessive intake |
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Who is at risk for malnutrition?
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1) Pregnant & Breastfeeding Women
2) Infants 3) Children 4) Frail elderly 5) Chronically ill patients 6) Poor health care |
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According to the Reference Daily Intakes how much fat is required daily for healthy diet?
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30 grams
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What are the water soluble essential vitamins?
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1) Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
2) Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 3) Niacin 4) Biotin 5) Panthothenic acid 6) Folic Acid 7) Cobalamine(Vitamin B12) 8) Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 9) Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) |
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What are the fat soluble essential vitamins?
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1) Vitamin A
2) Vitamin D 3) Vitamin K 4) Vitamin E |
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What are the essential macro minerals?
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1) Calcium
2) Phosphorus 3) Magnesium 4) Sodium 5) Chloride 6) Potassium |
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What are the essential micro minerals?
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1) Chromium
2) Copper 3) Fluorine 4) Iodine 5) Iron 6) Manganese 7) Molybdenum 8) Selenium 9) Zinc |
