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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GLUT2 is used for glucose metabolism in the ...
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Liver
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GLUT2 is ...
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insulin dependent, low affinity, high capacity glucose transporter
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The Pentose Phospates pathway of glycolysis is for the production of ...
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NADPH
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In the Liver, Glucose can be used in drug and bilirubin detoxification via ...
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Glucuronic acid pathway and the production of glucuronides
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What is a Phosphoryl Transfer?
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ex)
ROH + ATP ->R-OPO3- + ADP + H+ |
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What is a Aldol Cleavage?
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ex)
RCOHCOHCOR ---> COHCOR + COR (aldehyde) |
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What is a Phosphorl Shift?
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ex)
RCHOHCH2O-PO3H2 --> CH2OHCHRO-PO3H2 |
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What is a dehydration reaction?
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ex)
CH2OHCHRR -> CH2=CRR + H2O |
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what FOUR types of reactions occur in the Glycolytic Pathway?
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(1) Phosphoryl Transfer
(2) Phosphoryl Cleavage (3) Aldol Cleavage (4) Dehydration |
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Hexokinase is reversible or irreversible?
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IRREVERSIBLE
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Fructose-6-Phospate
-?-> Fructose-1,6- Bisphosphate |
6-Phosphofructose-1-Kinase
IRREVERSIBLE |
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Glucose-6-Phosphate
--?--> Fructose-6-Phosphate |
Phosphoglucose Isomerase
REVERSIBLE |
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Most important regulatory enzyme in the Glycolytic Pathway?
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Phosphofructose-1-Kinase
IRREVERSIBLE |
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The THREE stages of the glycolytic pathway?
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(1) Priming Stage
(2) Splitting Stage (3) Oxidoreduction- Phosphorylation Stage |
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What is the priming stage of glycolysis?
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The input of 2ATP to convert glucose to Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate
GLUCOSE--hexokinase--> Glucose-6-P--Phosphoglucose Isomerase-->Fructose-6-P--Phosphofructose-1-Kinase--->FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPATE |
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What is the commitment step of the glycolytic pathway?
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Fructose-6-Phoshphate
--via irreversible Phosphofructose Kinase--> Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate |
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What is the Splitting Stage of the glycolytic pathway?
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Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase(reversible) catalyzes the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Then Triose Phosphate Isomerase, another reversible reaction, converts the dihydroxyacetone phosphate into Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (GAP). BOTH molecules of GAP continue to the next stage of the glycolytic pathway.
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Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate
--?--> Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (GAP) |
Triose Phosphate Isomerase
REVERSIBLE |
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Fructosse-1,6-Bisphosphate is the end product of what stage of the glycolytic pathway?
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The PRIMING stage
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Fructose-1,6,Bisphosphate
---?---> Dihydroxyacetone-P + GAP |
Fructose-1,6-Bisphospate Aldolase
REVERSIBLE |
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Phosphofructo-1-Kinase has a highly specialized and rare case of regulation...
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The activator and inhibitor sites OVERLAP
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What are the Oxidoreduction Reactions of the glycolytic pathway?
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(a)2 Glyceraldehyde-6-Phosphate molecules are converted to (2) 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate via Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate dehydrogenase
(b) (2) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-Phosphoglycerate via a reversible Phosphoglycerate kinase (c) (2) 3-Phosphoglycerate is converted to (2) 2-Phosphoglycerate via Phosphoglycerate mutase (also reversible) (d) (2) 2 Phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenol pyruvate via the reversible enzyme Enolase (e) Phosphoenol pyruvate is converted to pyruvate via a reversible enzyme Pyruvate Kinase. (f) Finally, Pyruvate is converted to Lactate through Lactate Dehydrogenase. |
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The priming stage of the glycolytic pathway uses ____ ATP?
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2 ATP
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The Splitting stage uses ____ ATP?
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0 ATP
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Once Glucose becomes _____ it is commited to the glycolytic pathway?
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Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate
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What step of the oxidoreduction reactions stage uses ATP?
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NONE
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The oxidoreduction reaction stage of the glycolytic pathways uses ___ ATP and makes ____ ATP?
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Uses 2 ATP and make 4 ATP!
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What steps of the oxidoreduction reaction stage of the glycolytic pathway make ATP?
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1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is dephosphorylated to 3-Phosphoglycerate via Phosphoglycerate Kinase (happens twice)
Also the conversion of Phosphoenol Pyruvate to Pyruvate via Pyruvate Kinase (2 times) |
