Biochemistry Enzymes

Front 1

Protein Phosphotases

Back 1

Remove phosphate that have been previously added by kinases to enzymes

Front 2

Hexokinase

Back 2

Converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
Requires ATP hydrolysis

Front 3

Glucokinase

Back 3

Liver version of hexokinase
Converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

Front 4

Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase

Back 4

Converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate

Front 5

Phophofructokinase-1

Back 5

Converts fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Requires ATP hydrolysis

Front 6

Aldolase

Back 6

Converts Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or to dihydroxyacetone

Front 7

Triosphosphate Isomerase

Back 7

Converts dihydroxyacetone to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Front 8

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Back 8

Converts glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Generates NADH

Front 9

Phosphoglycerate Kinase

Back 9

Converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate
Generates ATP

Front 10

Phosphoglycerate Kinase

Back 10

Converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

Front 11

Enolase

Back 11

Converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

Front 12

Pyruvate kinase

Back 12

Converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
Generates ATP

Front 13

Pyruvate decarboxylase

Back 13

Converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde

Front 14

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Back 14

Converts acetaldehyde to ethanol

Front 15

Yeast dehydrogenase

Back 15

Converts pyruvate to lactate

Front 16

Pyruvate Transolcase

Back 16

Relocates pyruvate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria

Front 17

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Back 17

Couples pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

Front 18

Citrate Synthase

Back 18

Converts oxaloacetate into citrate

4C to 6C

Front 19

Aconitase

Back 19

Converts Citrate to isocitrate

Front 20

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Back 20

Converts Isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate
Generates NADH and CO2

6C --> 5C

Front 21

a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Back 21

Converts a-ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA
Generates NADH and CO2

5C --> 4C

Front 22

Succinyl CoA Synthase

Back 22

Converts Succinyl CoA to succinate
Generates ATP

Front 23

Complex II

Back 23

Converts Succinate to Fumarate
Generates FADH, QH2

Front 24

Fumarate Dehydrogenase

Back 24

Converts Fumarate to Malate

Front 25

Malate Dehydrogenase

Back 25

Converts Malate to Oxaloacetate
Generates NADH

Front 26

NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase

Back 26

Complex 1
Generates NAD+, QH2, 4H+

Front 27

Succinate - Q - oxidoreductase

Back 27

Complex 2
Generates QH2

Front 28

Q cytochrome C oxidoreductase

Back 28

Complex 3
Generates Q, 4H+

Front 29

Cytochrome C oxidase

Back 29

Complex 4
Generates water from O2

Front 30

ATP synthase

Back 30

Complex 5
Synthesize ATP from the proton gradient generated

Front 31

RuBIsco

Back 31

Most abundant, inefficient enzyme
Captures CO2 in photosynthesis and generates carbon sugars

Front 32

Chloroplast ATP synthase

Back 32

Synthesize ATP

Front 33

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Back 33

Catalyzes the removal of glucose residues

Front 34

Glucose-6-phosphotase

Back 34

Converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose

Front 35

Glucose 6-phosphotase Isomerase

Back 35

Converts fructose-6-bisphosphate to glucose-6-phosphate

Front 36

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase

Back 36

Converts fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate

Front 37

Pyruvate carboxylase

Back 37

Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate

Front 38

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase

Back 38

Converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate

Front 39

Transaminase

Back 39

Generates glutamate or aspartate from a-keto acids

Front 40

Pancreatic Lipase

Back 40

Acts on bile salt-solubilised fat particles to generate fatty acids and monoacylglycerol

Front 41

Translocase

Back 41

Reversible reaction of carnitine to acyl carnitine