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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the role of gastric lipase in lipid digestion?
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TG to emulsion droplets (FFA, DG, MG)
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What enzymes and factors are necessary to form mixed micelles?
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1. Pancreatic lipase
2. Colipase 3. Bile salts |
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What causes the secretion of bile salts from the gallbladder?
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CCK
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What is the role of bile salts in digestion?
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Emulsify fats, forming micelles
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What are the components of a chylomicron?
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1. TG
2. Cholesterol 3. apolipoproteins |
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How does the TG in the chylomicron reach the adipocyte?
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Lipoprotein lipase, which is activated by apoC-II, converts TG into FFA and glycerol.
FFA then enters the fat cell. |
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There are two possible fates for FFA in the adipocyte. What are they?
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1. Sent to the tissues for energy
2. Esterified for storage |
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From the lumen of the gut to the formation of TG for storage in the adipocyte, how many times is a single TG broken down and reassembled?
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Broken down twice:
1. By intestinal lipases for absorption. 2. By lipoprotein lipase for absorption into adipocyte. Assembled twice: 1. Into chylomicron for transport 2. in the adipocyte for storage |
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What is the fate of medium and short FA consumed?
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Directly absorbed into capillaries.
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What system is used to transport long chain FA?
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Lymphatic system
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What cell will absorb the FA from the lumen of the intestine?
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enterocyte
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Three different starting materials can be used to make energy. Name them.
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1. Glucose
2. Fatty acid 3. Protein |
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What is NADP/NADPH used for?
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Biosynthetic pathways
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Where do lipid biosynthetic pathways occur?
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In the cytosol
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Where do lipid metabolic pathways occur?
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Mitochondria
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What are the byproducts of energy metabolism?
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Carbon dioxide
Water Urea |
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What pancreatic enzymes regulation blood glucose levels?
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Glucagon
Insulin |
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What is the function of the lymphatic system in energy metabolism?
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Transport of lipids from intestine to liver.
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What is the role of adipose tissue in energy metabolism?
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Synthesis of TG for storage
Mobilization of TG for energy production Thermogenesis (Brown adipose) |
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Under starvation conditions the body will use beta-oxidation for energy production. Since the brain cannot do this, what happens?
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Acetyl-CoA (3) is made into HMG-CoA in the mitochondria. These are then made into ketone bodies that can be used by the brain.
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There are two types of metabolic tissues. Name them.
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Hepatic and extrahepatic
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