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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lipid
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fat and fat-like substances
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saponifiable fats:
fat + strongbase --- |
soap + glycerol
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saponifiable substances include:
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fats, phospholipids, and sphingolipids
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unsaturated fats contain:
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double bonds between C's
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saturated fats contain:
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the maximum amount of H
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liquid fats
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low molecular weight, unsaturated
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solid fats
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high molecular weight, saturated
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diglyceride + Pi ---
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phasphatidic acid
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lecithin
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(phosphatidyl choline)
occurs in cell membrane |
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cephalins
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phosphatidyl ethanolamine, in cell membrane
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phospholipids are:
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emulsifiers, allow mixing of polar and nonpolar substances
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sphingolipids act as:
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emulsifiers
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spingomyelin
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spingosine + fatty acid + choline
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cebroside
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spingosine + fatty acid + galactose
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Non-saponifiable lipids include:
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steroids (hormones and sterols), Vitamins A,E,K, prostaglandins
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sterols include:
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cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3), ergosterol -------- calciferol, Vit D3
uv light |
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what is a vitamer?
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they have different structures but the same vitamin action
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vitamin D is used for:
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the metabolism of Ca, P
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Vitamin A is a ___ and derived from:
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carotenoid, a carotene, alpha, beta, and gamma
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Vitamin E
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fat soluble antioxidant, easily oxidized before some other oxidizable compound
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in B-oxidation of branched chain or odd # C atoms, fatty acids
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Vitamin B12 makes a carboxyl group and Biotin adds CO2 as a carboxyl group
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branched/odd #C ---
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branched/odd # C --- succinyl CoA --- Kreb's
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B-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids
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the same as for saturated fatted acids w/ even # of C's
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Ketogenesis is
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the formation of ketone bodies
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ketolysis
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the breakdown of ketone bodies
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Lack of carbohydrate metabolism and accelerated fat metabolism ----
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more acetyl CoA produced than the liver can handle
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5 Steps of synthesis of fatty acids:
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1. carboxylation
2. condensation 3. reduction 4. dehydration 5. reduction |
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Reactants/products of fatty acid synthesis
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acetyl CoA --- malonyl CoA --- aceto acetyl CoA --- B-hydroxybutyryl CoA --- crotonyl CoA --- butyrul CoA --- malonyl CoA
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In Fatty Acid synthesis, the # NADPH's and ATP's can be found by:
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NADPH: n-2
ATP: (n-2)/2 (n=# of C) |
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Steps of triglyceride synthesis
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glucose --- dihydroxyacetone --- alpha-glycerol-P --- phosphatidic acid --- triglyceride
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steps of Phospholipid synthesis
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choline --- phosphoryl choline --- CDP choline --- lecithin
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choline + P + diglyceride ---
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phospholipid
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Steps to sphingosine synthesis
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palmitic acid --- sphingosine
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Steroid synthesis starts with ___ and goes to ___
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acetyl CoA -- 5C, 10C, 15C, 30C, steroid
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If the choline in lecithin is replaced by ethanolamine, the compound produced is a:
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cephalin
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The catabolism of unsaturated fatty acids produces: CH3(CH2)16C=OCH2
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acetyl CoA
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Hydrogenation of linoleic acid produces:
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stearic acid
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2 names for the same substance:
a. phosphatidyl ethanolamine & lecithin b. retinene & retinal c. calciferol & cholecalciforal d. sphingosine & sphingomyelin |
B, retinene & retinal
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How many ATPs are formed in the B-Ox of stearic acid?
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38
18 C, therefore 9 acetyl CoA 8 B-Ox cycles to get 9 aceCoA 8 x 5 (ATPs from B-Ox) = 40 40 - 2 used ATP = 38 |
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The net production of ATP from the complete catabolism of stearic acid is:
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146
9 acetyl CoA x 12 ATP/Kreb's cycle = 108 ATP 108 ATP + 38 ATP from B-Ox = 146 |
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Complete catabolism includes
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B-Oxidation (5 ATP/cycle) and Kreb's (12 ATP/cycle)
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In the anabolism of fatty acids, which is not true?
a. the molecules of fatty a. are built up 2C @ a time, starting w/ acetyl CoA b. the process uses CO2 c. the process is the only user of acetyl CoA not utilized in Kreb's d. NADPH is used as the reducing agent |
C, the process is the only user of acetyl CoA not utilized in Kreb's
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An intermediate that is common to the catabolism of glucose and fatty acid is:
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acetyl CoA
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Myrisic acid CH3(CH2)12COOH will yield how many ATPs upopn complete metabolism?
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112
14 C / 2 = 7 acetyl CoA --- 6 B-Ox 6 B-Ox x 5 ATP = 30 ATP 7 Kreb's x 12 ATP/cycle = 84 30 + 84 = 114 - 2 used ATP = 112 |
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calciferol is formed by:
a. spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid b. oxidation of arachidonic acid c. the action of UVlight on ergosterol d. the action of visible light of rhodopsin |
C, the action of UVlight on ergosterol
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In the synthesis of stearic acid, how many ATP's are required and how many NADPH's are required?
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8 ATP, 16 NADPH
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