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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the defining characteristic of Eukaryotes?
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well defined nucleus
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Which amino acids have a double ring structure?
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Adenine and Guanine
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Which amino acids are linked with triple bonds?
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C and G
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what is the average length and bond energy of a single carbon carbon covalent bond?
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1.54A 356kJ/mol
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what is the bond energy of the carbon oxygen double bond of a carbonyl?
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730kJ/mol
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What is the bond length of a carbon carbon double bond?
A conjugated carbon chain? |
1.34 A double
1.40A conjugated |
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What is coulombs law?
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formula for electrostatic attraction or repulsion of two charged species.
E = kq1q2/Dr^2 k=1389 |
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What defines the hydrogen donor group form the acceptor group?
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the donor group is the tightly bound atom and the hydrogen. whereas the acceptor group is the less tightly held molecule.
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what is the bond energy and length of a typical hydrogen bond?
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4-20 kJ/mol
1.5 - 2.6 A |
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what is the bond energies of vanderwall attractions?
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2-4kJ/mol
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Name an electrostatic interaction which prevents the formation of DNA?
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electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged phosphate groups on the backbone. this is prevented by the double helix structure.
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in what degree does hydrogen bonding assist the formation of the double helix.
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it doesnt. Each hydrogen bond replaces a former hydrogen bond with water. The net effect on kinetics is moot.
They do however contribute to specificity. |
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what is the length of separation between planes of adjacent base pairs?
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3.4A
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first law of thermodynamics
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the total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
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second law of thermodynamics
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entropy is always increasing
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Enthalpy
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heat flow from the system to its surroundings.
delta H |
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What is the formula for the change in gibbs free energy
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delta G = delta H - TdeltaS
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the reaction is spontaneous when?
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delta G < 0
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what is the most suscpetible proton in DNA to deprotonation
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N-1 nitrogen of guanine
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DNA breaks form the helix at what pH extremes?
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5 and 9
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What is the henderson hasselbach equation?
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way to calculate the pH of a buffered solution.
pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA]) |
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phosphate solutions act as buffers at what pH?
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7.4 (physiologically)
also 2.12 and 12.67 |
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In a space fill model: what color is the following atoms?
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Sulfur Phosphorus |
Carbon = Black
Nitrogen = Blue (some green) Oxygen = red Sulfur = yellow Phosphorous = purple |
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How many basepairs are in the human genome?
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3 billion
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protein encoding regions account for what percentage of the human genome?
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3%
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Epigenetic factors
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associated with the genome but not simply represented in the sequence of DNA
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Given delta G and T how could you find the entropy change of the universe`
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-(deltG) / T = (DeltSuniverse)
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