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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nucleic acid
its function |
polymeric RNA & DNA present in every cell
Fxn: to store and express hereditary information |
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genetics
molecular biology |
science of nucleic acids and how they encode information
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DNA
function composition |
deoxyribonucleic acid
fxn: stores hereditary information comp: long polymers of sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases |
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RNA
function composition |
ribonucleic acid: D-ribose linked together by phosphate functional groups
fxn: copies and translates DNA genetic information comp: long polymers of sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases |
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gout
description cause |
A condition resulting from a diet excessive in nucleic acids.
Crystallization of uric acid in the joints. Uric acid results from the metabolic waste products of the nitrogenous bases of the nucleic acids. |
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phosphodiester bond
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a phosphorous with an ester linkage on both sides
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nitrogenous bases
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2 purines: adenine and guanine are in DNA & RNA.
3 pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine (DNA), & uracil (RNA) |
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N-glycosidic bond
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glycosidic bond from a sugar to a N atom of the base
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Purines
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Adenine and guanine. In DNA & RNA. Identical heterocyclic rings with different exocyclic groups (decorations).
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Pyrimidines
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Cytosine, thymine (DNA), & uracil (RNA). Also identical heterocyclic rings with different exocyclic groups (decorations).
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nucleoside
Examples |
The unit resulting from a base attached to a ribose or deoxyribose.
Ex: adenine + ribose = adenosine adenine + deoxyribose = deoxyadenosine |
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nucleotide
fxns |
Nucleoside (base + deoxy/ribose) + 1 or more phosphate group
- form precusors of RNA & DNA - ATP - cAMP messengers - protein synthesis @ ribosome |
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adenosine-5'-triphosphate
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3 phosphates attached at the 5' C atom position
ATP: major energy currency of cells |
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complementary base pairing
Examples |
Arises from hydrogen bonding capability btwn bases on opposite strands of the double helix
Ex: A - T C - G AGs CUT AT College Garden |
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histones
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Proteins around which DNA wraps into little balls to form nucleosomes.
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nucleosomes
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Little balls formed of DNA wrapped around histones.
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solenoid
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Nucleosomes stacked around one another in a coil structure.
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chromatin
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The complex of DNA and proteins in the nucleus.
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mRNA
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Messenger RNA. Temporary copy of a segment of DNA that disintegrates after it's used to make proteins.
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rRNA
Size |
Ribosomal RNA. 4 of these make up the eukarytic ribosome.
Size: few hundred to few thousand bases in length |
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tRNA
Size |
Transfer RNA. RNA molecules that participate in protein synthesis, function to carry the amino acids to the ribosome and insert them in their proper place during protein synthesis.
Size: Usually less than 100 bases in length. |
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hairpin or stem-loop structures
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Regions of many RNA molecules that have sequences of bases that are complementary to sequences in other parts of the same molecule.
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polynucleotide
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RNA: polymer of D-ribose linked with phosphate functional groups. Or DNA: D-2-deoxyribose and phosphate functional groups.
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