Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
asymmetric carbon atom
|
When all four substituents on a C are different.
|
|
|
carbonyl
|
A C with a double-bonded oxygen.
|
|
|
cis-trans isomerism
|
When double bonds occur in hydrocarbons rotation does not occur. If C on either side of the double bond have different substituents on them then:
Cis - they are on the same face of the molecule OR Trans - they are on opposite faces of the molecule. |
|
|
condensation reaction
|
Also dehydration.
Removing a water molecule to build large molecules from smaller components. |
|
|
cyclic hydrocarbons
|
Chains of carbon in a cyclic form. 5 and 6-membered are most common.
Heterocyclic rings also include O and N. |
|
|
dehydration
|
Also condensation reaction.
Removing a water molecule to build large molecules from smaller components. |
|
|
enantiomers
|
A consequence of asymmetric C: Mirror-image isomers are possible.
Ex.: L-amino acids derived from proteins; D-amino acids are not biologically useful. Biological systems will ignore these. |
|
|
ester
|
Linkage between a carboxyl and a hydroxyl group.
|
|
|
ether
|
When a hydroxyl group is a point of linkage with another carbon chain.
R-C-O-C-R |
|
|
functional groups
|
Confer particular chemical or physical properties on a molecule.
Often the linkage point between smaller molecules to make larger molecules. |
|
|
high-energy compound
|
A compound that stores a lot of energy in its chemical bonds.
Ex.: ATP stores lots of energy between the phosphate groups. |
|
|
hydrocarbon
|
Scaffolds of H and C, when decorated with functional groups form most biological molecules.
|
|
|
hydrolysis
|
Breaking with water.
Adding a water molecule to split the chemical bond of a molecule. |
|
|
isomers
|
Two different chemicals that may have same formula, but are arranged differently
|
|
|
organic
|
Generally, molecules made up of C, H, O and N
Specifically include P and S too. |
|
|
racemic mixture
|
A mixture of equal amounts of D- and L- forms of a molecule.
Ex.: Commercially available amino acids |
|
|
sulfonyl
|
Similar to phosphate, but not as prevalent in biological systems.
|
|
|
stereoisomerism
|
Occurs when a C is bonded to four different substituents.
|
