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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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glycolysis
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glucose breakdown. Involves @ 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the cytoplasm of nearly all cells.
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gluconeogenesis
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production of glucose from other sources
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energy investment phase
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The first part of the glucolysis pathway that requires the input of ATP.
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-kinase
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Nearly all enzymes that use ATP are something-kinase.
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biphosphate
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Two phosphates at different locations on a molecule.
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diphosphate
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Two phosphates are attached to one another from a single location on a molecule.
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energy harvest phase
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The step in glycolysis that yields 4 ATP and some NADH.
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- dehydrogenase
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Enzymes that use NAD+ and result in the loss of 2 H from the substrate.
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pyruvate
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The final product of the glycolysis pathway is 2 molecules of this.
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transition reaction
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A one-step conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for entry into Krebs cycle.
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homolactic fermentation
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Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD+.
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alcoholic fermentation
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Microorganisms make ethanol from pyruvate.
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pentose phosphate shunt
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A bypass route that results in the production of "reducing energy" for the synthesis of 5 C sugars.
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regulatory cascade
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layers of regulation in the cell that amplify a small signal to generate a large response.
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