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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which resembles substrate: competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors?
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competitive
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what type of inhibitor binds at the active site and is overcome by increasing substrate?
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competitive
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what effect do competitive inhibitors have on Vmax?
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none
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what effect do noncompetitive inhibitors have on Vmax?
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decrease it
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what effect do competitive inhibitors have on Km?
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increase it
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what effect do noncompetitors have on Km?
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none
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the lower the Km, the higher the _____?
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affinity
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when does Km = [S]?
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at 1/2Vmax
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in the cell cycle, which phase is usually the shortest?
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mitosis
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most cells are at what point in the cell cycle?
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G0 - quiescent G1 phase
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rapidly dividing cells have a shorter ____?
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G1 (growth)
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this is the site of synthesis of secretory proteins and N-linked oligosaccharide addition to many proteins
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RER
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mucus-secreting goblet cells of SI and Ab-secreting plasma cells are rich in what cellular organelle?
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RER
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nissl substance is not found where?
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axon or axon hillock
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what do nissl bodies do?
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synthesize enzymes (e.g. ChAT) adn peptide neurotransmitters
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what is SER for?
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site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons
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lipid hepatocytes and steriod-producing cells of the adrenal cortex are rich in what?
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SER
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where is mannose-6-phosphate added, and what does it do?
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golgi - added to specific lysosomal proteins, which targets them to the lysosome
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what is I cell disease?
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failure of addition of man-6-P to lysosome proteins, causing them to be secreted outside the cell instead of targeted to the lysosome; coarse facial features and restricted joint movement
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this is the distribution center of proteins and lipids from the ER to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles
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golgi
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the golgi modifies N-oligosaccharides on what amino acid?
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asparagine
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golgi adds O-oligosaccharides to residues of what?
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serine and threonine
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what organelle assembles proteoglycans from proteoglycan core proteins?
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golgi
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this organelle performs sulfation of sugars in proteoglycans and of selected tyrosine on proteins
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golgi
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what is the diameter of a microtubule?
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24 nm
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each dimer in microtubules has how many GTP bound to it?
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2
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mebendazole/thiabendazole, taxol, griseofulvin, vincristine/vinblastine, and colchicine all act on what structure?
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microtubules
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this syndrome is characterized by decreased phagocytosis as a result of a microtubule polymerization defect
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chediak-higashi syndrome
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microtubules are involved in what type of axoplasmic transport?
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slow
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how many polymerized tubulin dimers are there per circumference in microtubules?
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13
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this structure consists of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
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cilia
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dynein is reponsible for what direction of movement?
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retrograde
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kynesin is responsible for what direction of movement?
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anterograde
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this is an ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets and causees bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets
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dynein
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a high cholesterol or long saturated fatty acid content does what to melting temperature?
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increases it
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this is the only side of the plasma membrane that contains glycosylated lipids or proteins
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noncytoplasmic
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this is a major component of RBC membranes, myelin, bile, surfactant, and is also used in the esterification of cholesterol
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phosphatidylcholine
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H1, alpha1, V1, M1, & M3 are linked to which class of G protein?
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Gq (HAVe 1 M&M)
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Gq initiates what cascade?
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phospholipase C - PIP2 - IP3 - increased intracellular calcium
also PIP2 can yield DAG - PKC |
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beta1, beta2, D1, H2, V2 are linked to which class of G protein?
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Gs
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M2, alpha2, and D2 are linked to what class of G protein?
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Gi (MAD 2s)
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Gs/Gi stimulate/inhibit what cascade?
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adenylyl cyclase - cAMP - PKA
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what is the most abundant protein in the body?
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collagen
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90% of collagen is what type?
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type I
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this type of collagen is found in bone, tendon, skin, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair
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type I
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this type of collagen is found in cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus polposus
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type II
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this type of cartilage is found in skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulaltion tissue
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type III
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this type of cartilage is found in basement membrane or basal lamina
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type IV
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this type of cartilage is found in the epiphyseal plate
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type X
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where are collagen alpha chains (preprocollagen) translated?
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on RER
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preprocollagen has the structure Gly-X-Y - what are X and Y?
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proline, hydroxyproline, or hydroxylysine
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hydroxylation of specific proline and lysine residues in the synthesis of collagen occurs where and requires what?
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ER; vitamin C
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in collagen synthesis, where does glycosylation of pro-alpha-chain lysine residues and formation of procollagen occur?
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golgi
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what is procollagen?
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triple helix of 3 collagen alpha chains
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what is formed when procollagen peptidases cleave terminal regions of procollagen? where does this occur?
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tropocollagen; occurs outside fibroblasts
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collagen fibrils are composed of what?
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many staggered tropocollagen molecules that are reinforced by covalent lysine-hydroxylysine cross linkages
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the step between pro-alpha-chains and triple helix formation/procollagen does not occur in what disease?
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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the step between peptide cleavage and collagen fibrils with crosslinks doesn't occur in what syndrome?
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ehlers-danlos
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vimentin stains what?
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connective tissue
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what does desmin stain?
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muscle
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what does cytokeratin stain?
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epithelial cells
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what do glial fibrillary acid proteins (GFAP) stain?
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neuroglia
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what do neurofliaments stain?
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neurons
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