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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What disease effects factor VIIIa?
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hemophilia
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von Willebrand disease makes what protein deficient?
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von Willebrand factor protein
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In Liver failure, clotting factors are ___ slower
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carboxylated
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In bone marrow failure, what is destroyed?
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platelets
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In hemophelia, factor VIIIa is destroyed which does what?
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no more 10^5 stimulation of 9a and 9a doesn't stimulate 10
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When clotting factors decarboxylate slower what is the disease? What is the result?
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liver failure; clotting factors can't adhere to platelets
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Platelets are destroyed and cannot clot well in what disease?
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bone marrow failure
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What is the name of the category of drugs that are Vitamin K antagonists?
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Coumarins
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Warfarin is an antagonist for what vitamin?
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K
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Coumadin is a (competative, noncompetative) inhibitor of vitamin K
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competative
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With low vitamin K, clotting factors (will, will not) get - charge
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will not
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What drug binds cyclooxygenases?
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aspirin
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What types of enzymes make thrombonxane and prostaglandin?
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cyclooxygenase
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What is effected by aspirin?
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platelets
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Heparin is considered a (coagulant, anti-coagulant)
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anti
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Heparin is a (-, +) charged polysaccharide
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-
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What can be used to fight DIC? (dissemnated intravascular coagulation)
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Heparin
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What reverses heparin?
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protamine sulfate
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EACA (inhibits, enhances) plasmin
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inhibits
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What will inhibit plasmin?
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EACA
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What's a drug name for EACA and what does EACA stand for?
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Amicar; sigma-aminocaproic acid
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What drug is very helpful during dental surgery?
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EACA (or Amicar)
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What can reverse the effects of EACA or Amicar?
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heparin
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Most arterial thrombi are due to what?
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platelets
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Endothelial cells make what that inhibits platelets outside of the clot?
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prostoglandin I2
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Platelets make ____ to recruit other platelets
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thromboxane A2
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What is mostly caused by hypercoagulation of clotting factors?
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venous thrombi
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With what drugs must you monitor blood levels VERY CLOSELY
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coumadins
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What's another name for clot busters?
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Thrombolytics
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What are 3 clotbusters?
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tPA, urokinase, streptokinase
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(Healthy, damaged) tissue has thrombomodulin
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healthy
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What do clotbusters activate?
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plasminogen into plasmin
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What drug is used for a venous thrombus (aka hypercoagulation)
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coumarin
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Whats the antidote for too much coumadin
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vitamin K
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before surgery, what drug should you use?
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EACA (or Amicar)
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whats the antidote for too much EACA (or Amicar)
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Heparin
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what should you give someone with a myocardial infarction?
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clot buster (tPA, urokinase, streptokinase)
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whats the antidote for a clot buster?
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platelets and factor VIII (8)
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what should you give someone having a stroke?
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clot buster
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what should you give someone suffering from DIC?
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heparin
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the antidote to heparin is what?
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protamide sulfate
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why does promatide sulfate work as an antidote to heparin?
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positive charge that will compete with heparins negative charge
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Protein S will tune (up, down) clotting
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down
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Protein S combines with Protein ___ to degrade what two factors?
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C; 5a and 8a
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Protein C is activated by what?
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Thrombomodulin
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Protein Ca binds with what protein?
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S
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What degrades factor 5a and 8a?
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protein C and S in combination
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What is the name for activated thrombin and what does it activate?
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thromodulin, protein C
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What's the enzyme that forms bridges between D/D and D/E domains to stabalize the clot?
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transglutaminase
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What does transglutaminase do?
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forms bridges between D/D and D/E domains to stabalize the clot
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Plasminogen gets activated to what?
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plasmin
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What does plasmin cleave?
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fibrin between D and E domains
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What cleaves fibrin between D and E domains?
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plasmin
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What must plasminogen bind to to become plasmin?
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tPA
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tPA can help make plasmin from what precursor?
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plasminogen
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What helps glue platelets together by making bridges?
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fibrinogen
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What flips flops across platelet membrane in platelet activation to adhere clotting factors?
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phospholipids
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What removes A and B fibrinopeptides from fibrinogen?
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thrombin
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what converts finbrinogen to fibrin?
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thrombin
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Of these two, fibrinogen and fibrin, which is SOLUBLE?
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fibrinogen
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What is a helper factor with 9a to activate X?
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factor 8
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What is a helper factor with 10a to activate thrombrin from prothrombin?
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factor 5
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What factor binds to negative surface of ECM of injured cells in the contact phase?
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factor 12
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factor 12 activates what two factors?
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itself and factor 11 (eleven)
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What factor is a serine protease?
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10a
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What factor cleaves prothrombin?
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factor 10a
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What type of cell is always exposed to blood?
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endothelial
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what are small vestigal cells that help clot blood?
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platelets
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Thrombin is a serine protease, T or F
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TRUE
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When do platelets activate?
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when they contact subendothelial cells
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What cell lining activates plateles?
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subendothelial
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T or F, subendothelial cells are always exposed to blood
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False, only during injury
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What intermediate helps platelets detect subendothelial cells?
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von Willebrand factor
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What in platelets will flop to the outside to assist in coagulation?
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phosphatidyl serine
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What factor is released from exposed cells and turn on thrombin?
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tissue factor
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Within 8 to 10 minutes, transglutaminase crosslink what two amino acids?
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glutamine (duh) and lysine
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Whats the name of the smooth muscle protein that contracts in platelets?
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thrombosthenin
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Vitamin K is a (pre, post)translational modification that assists in cofactor binding
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post
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Vitamin K helps a cofactor bind well to what ion?
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Ca2+
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What type of bond holds thrombin together?
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sulfer-sulfer
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What two things happen when prothrombin is converted to thrombin
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cuts off negative charged tail and cuts elsewhere once to make it thrombin
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What two things inhibit thrombin when it gets too far from the clot?
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antithrombin 3 and heparin
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Which pathway, extrensic or intrinsic, is the MAIN clot initiatior
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extrensic
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What does thrombin cleave specifically on fibrinogen?
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A and B fibrinopeptides
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Plasminogen is clipped by ___ to form plasmin
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tPA
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