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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PPAR-alpha
Target of drug type: Effect of drug: |
Target: fibrates
Effects: Lower Triglyceride levels and increase HDL (think fatty cereal) |
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PPAR-gamma
Target of drug type: Effect of drug: |
Target: thiazolidinediones
Effects: lower glucose, enhance insulin sensitivity. |
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia has 3 clinical characteristics...
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1) elevated LDL
2) deposition cholesterol in tendons, skin, arteries 3) autosomal dominant, with gene dosage effect |
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia is caused by...
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a mutation in the LDL receptor
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Oversupply of cholesterol results in...
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1) decreased HMG CoA Reductase
2) increased ACAT activity 3) reduced LDL receptors |
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2 ways we degrade dietary proteins
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1) Pepsin in the stomach
2) pancreatic proteases |
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2 systems that degrade cellular proteins
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1) Ubiquitin-proteasome
2) Lysosome |
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3 types of ACTIVATED Pancreatic Proteases (Ready to cleave!)
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1) Trypsin
2) Elastase 3) Chymotrypsin |
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3 types of ENDOpeptidases and what activates each
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Typsinogen ---enteropepsidase--> trypsin
Proelastase ---trypsin--> elastase chymotrypsinogen --trypsin--> chymotrypsin |
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What degrades peptides to free amino acids?
Are they secreted in ACTIVE or INACTIVE form? |
amino and carboxypeptidase
procarboxypeptidase from alpha pancreatic cells are INACTIVE aminopeptidase from intestinal cells are ACTIVE. |
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6 types of intestinal epithelial cell transporters
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Acidic (asp, glu)
Basic (Lys, Arg, Cys-Cys) Neutral (Phe, Tyr, Met, Val, Leu, Ile) Small (Gly, Ala, Pro, GABA) Dipeptides, tripeptides Aromatic (Trp, Phe, Tyr) |
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Deficiency in the Acidic intestinal epithelial cell transporter leads to:
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Can't transport Asp, Glu
leads to Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria |
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KNOW!!!
Deficiency in the Basic intestinal epithelial cell transporter leads to what loss of function disease: |
KNOW!!!
Can't transport *Lys, Arg, Cys-Cys leads to Cystinuria |
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Deficiency in the Neutral intestinal epithelial cell transporter leads to what loss of function disease:
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Can't transport Phe, Tyr, Met, Val, Ile
leads to Neutral aminoaciduria - Hartup disease |
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Deficiency in the Aromatic intestinal epithelial cell transporter leads to what loss of function disease:
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Can't transport Trp, Phe, Tyr
leads to Pellagra |
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The processes controlled by Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
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Misfolded proteins, gene transcription, organ formation, cicadian rhythem, cell cycle, inflammatory resonse, tumor suppression, cholesterol synthesis, antigen processing. (ask me about the story...)
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5 types of aminotransferases that transfer ammonia from one alpha ketoacid to form a different amino acid
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Aminotransferases:
alanine (ALT) Aspartate (AST) Branched Chain Orithine gamma-aminotransferase tyrosine |
