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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the 4 types of alcoholic beverages that all have 1/2 oz of ethanol.
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1. 5 oz. wine (100kcal)
2. 10 oz. wine cooler (135kcal) 3. 12 oz. beer (150kcal, light 80-130kcal) 4. 1 1/2 oz distilled liquor (100-110kcal) |
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What is faster on an empty stomach?
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The absorption of alcohol thru the stomach walls.
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What is alcohol dehydrogenase?
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An enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. It breaks down some alcohol in the stomach. Men generally have more than women and this leads to a higher tolerance.
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What causes a higher tolerance for alcohol in men?
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More alcohol dehydrogenase plus higher avg wt.
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From the digestive tract, where is alcohol transported to?
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To the liver for metabolism.
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Where is alcohol dehydrogenase found?
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In the liver.
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How much alcohol can the liver metabolize in an hour?
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~1/2 oz per hour.
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What happens if the input of alcohol into the liver is greater than ~1/2 oz per hour?
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The excess is transported to other cells. (Most importantly to the cells of the brain)
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What might happen to alcohol dehydrogenase during a fast?
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It may be broken down (to provide energy). This decreases the liver's ability to metabolize alcohol.
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If you are consuming alcohol in excess of the liver's ability to metabolize it how many drinks are you drinking per hour?
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More than 1. (Because each drink has 1/2 oz of ethanol)
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What are 3 consequences of consuming alcohol in excess of the liver's ability to metabolize it?
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1. Decrease in pH (increase in H+)
2. NADH inhibits TCA cycle 3. Acetyl-CoA accumulates, and begins to be transformed into fatty acids (fatty liver, fibrosis, cirrhosis) and ketone bodies (ketosis) |
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What consequence of consuming alcohol in the excess of the liver's ability to metabolize it results in you gaining wt?
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The accumulation of Acetyl-CoA
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Where is some alcohol transported to?
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The brain.
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What happens to the weight of moderately heavy drinkers?
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Moderately heavy drinkers (who have to metabolize the moderately high amount of alcohol they consume) have greater energy (calorie) intake, and tend to gain weight (esp. "central obesity").
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What happens to the nutrition of very heavy drinkers?
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They generally eat poorly, and often suffer from malnutrition (don't consume enough nutrients and lose weight).
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What 6 vitamin deficiencies may be seen during alcohol abuse?
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1. Folate deficiency
2. Thiamine deficiency 3. Vitamin B6 deficiency 4. Vitamin B12 deficiency 5. Vitamin D deficiency 6. Vitamin A deficiency |
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What are the characteristics of folate deficiency?
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1. not retained by kidney
2. over-excreted by kidney 3. Poorly retained and absorbed by the intestine |
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What are the characteristics of thiamin deficiency?
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This is a B-vit deficiency. There is reduced intake and poor absorption. This can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (often seen in alcoholics, paralysis of eye muscles, poor muscle coord., impaired memory)
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