Biochemistry

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

the small particles that all matter is made up of

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

The center of an atom

Front 3

Proton

Back 3

Positively charged particle in the center of an atom

Front 4

Neutron

Back 4

Neu
trally charged particle in the center of an atom

Front 5

Electron

Back 5

negatively charged partivle that spins around the nucleus of an atom

Front 6

Energy Level (electric cloud)

Back 6

the regions that electrons spin in

Front 7

atomic number

Back 7

the number of protons in an atom

Front 8

atomic mass (weight) number

Back 8

how much mass an atom has. number of protons and nuetrons

Front 9

Element

Back 9

substance composed of a single type of atom

Front 10

molecule

Back 10

a grouping of multiple atoms by bonding

Front 11

Solution

Back 11

a mixture of two things

Front 12

Solvent

Back 12

does the dissolving in a solution

Front 13

Solute

Back 13

Is dissolved in a solution

Front 14

saturated

Back 14

when you have as much solvent as possible

Front 15

acid

Back 15

when there is more hydrogen than hydroxide (H)

Front 16

base

Back 16

when there is more hydroxide than hydrogen (OH)

Front 17

pH scale

Back 17

the power of hydrogen

Front 18

Organic compound

Back 18

a compound containing carbon

Front 19

inorganic compound

Back 19

a compound not containing carbon

Front 20

carbohydrate

Back 20

an organic molecule of carbon hydrogen and oxygen used by living things for energy

Front 21

Monosaccharide

Back 21

1 sugar molecule (glucose, fructose)

Front 22

Disaccharide

Back 22

2 sugar molecules bonded together - sucrose, is table sugar

Front 23

Polysaccharide

Back 23

many sugar molecules bonded together

Front 24

Lipid

Back 24

an organic molecule C H O that stores energy in fat

Front 25

saturated fat

Back 25

solid, unhealthy, causes heart disease

Front 26

unsaturated fat

Back 26

liquid, doesn't freeze (oils)

Front 27

Protein

Back 27

an organic molecule of C H O N S that includes enzymes, hormones, and helps structure made of amino acids

Front 28

Peptide bond

Back 28

the bond that holds together amino acids in proteins

Front 29

dipeptide

Back 29

protein with 2 amino acids

Front 30

polypeptide

Back 30

protein with many amino acids

Front 31

Catalyst

Back 31

something that speeds up a chemical reaction

Front 32

enzyme

Back 32

is a protein catalyst. Made of amino acids. speeds up reactions by lowering the activation energy. specific, reusable, named after substrate

Front 33

active site

Back 33

the part of the enzyme that fits the substrate and weakens the bond

Front 34

substrate

Back 34

the molecule that the enzyme works on (binds to)

Front 35

coenzyme

Back 35

helps the enzyme bind the substrate (vitamins)

Front 36

nucleic acids

Back 36

OM of C H O N P made of nuclieotides that is responsible for cell control, heredity, and enrgy, DNA RNA ATP

Front 37

Denaturation

Back 37

when an enzyme changes in shape due to extreme pH of heat

Front 38

Isotope

Back 38

radioactive atom that differs in amount of nuetrons

Front 39

Covalent bond

Back 39

bond between atoms where electrons are shared (strong)

Front 40

Polar molecule

Back 40

molecule that has charges

Front 41

Ionic Bond

Back 41

a bond between atoms where electrons are transfered

Front 42

Ion

Back 42

an electrically charged atom or molecule

Front 43

chemical equation

Back 43

taking reactants and combining them together and getting a product

Front 44

kinetic energy

Back 44

energy of motion/movement

Front 45

potential energy

Back 45

energy of position/ stored energy

Front 46

Chemical energy

Back 46

energy in a chemical bond

Front 47

activation energy

Back 47

energy needed to start a reaction