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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. OAA ---> Citrate
& regulators |
Citrate Synthase
Condensation Regulated by OAA + ATP, NADH, Succinyl-CoA (building blocks) - |
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2. Citrate -->cis-aconitate-->isocitrate
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Aconitase
Isomerization |
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3. Isocitrate ---> Alpha-ketoglutarate
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-Isocitrate DH
-Oxidative decarboxylation (lose a carbon dioxide) -bonuses: NADH, H, CO2 RATE LIMITING STEP |
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Regulators of rxn 3 Isocitrate DH
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ADP is + regulator by decreasing Km for isocitrate
NADH, ATP are - regulators RATE LIMITING STEP |
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Regulators of rxn 1 Citrate Synthase
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+ OAA levels bc one goal of TCA cycle is to maintain OAA at low levels
- ATP, NADH, succinyl-CoA |
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4. Alpha-ketoglutarate ---> Succinyl-CoA
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-Alpha-Ketogluterate DH
-Oxidative decarboxylation -RATE LIMITING STEP -Succinyl-CoA: precursor in heme biosynthesis -Producde NADH |
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Regulators of step 4
Alpha-ketoglutarate ---> Succinyl-CoA |
NADH & Succinyl CoA are - regulators
RATE LIMITING STEP |
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5. Succinyl-CoA --->succinate
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Succinate thiokinsae
Substrate level phosphorylation GTP |
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6. Succinate --> Fumarate
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Succinate Dehydrogenase
Oxidation FADH2 |
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Regulator so Succinate --> Fumarate
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FADH2/FAD (-) regulators
Bonus: FADH2 (not NADH bc Succinate not strong enough to reduce NAD) |
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7. Fumarate --> Malate
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Fumarase
Hydration Bonuses: Malate used in GNG |
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8. Malate --> Oxaloacetate
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Malate Dehydrogenase
Oxidation Bonuses: NADH |
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Regulators of step 8, Malate --> OAA
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NADH/NAD are negative regulators
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Malate --> OAA depends on?
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Whether we continue the TCA cycle or send the malate out into the cytoplasm to undergo GNG.
-This reaction has a positive Standard state energy and in order to drive this reaction towards products, we have to keep OAA low. |
