Biochemistry (Cell Respiration And Digestion)

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the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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Cell Respiration

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What are the three main stages of Cell Respiration?

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Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Dbsbdb

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This occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. It produces a small amount of ATP and NADH.

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Glycolysis

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is a unicellular microorganism wherein the heterophagic mode of intracellular digestion occurs.

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Amoeba Digestion

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This takes place in the mitochondria and involves a series of chemical reactions that further break down pyruvate into carbon dioxide. It generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

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Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

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Oxidative Phosphorylation:

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This occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and involves the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 through a series of protein complexes in the electron transport chain. As electrons are passed along the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons across the

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also known as intracellular digestion, refers to the process by which cells break down and digest molecules or particles within their own cytoplasm. It is essential for maintaining cellular function, recycling cellular components, and obtaining nutrients.

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Cell digestion,

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The process begins with endocytosis, where the cell engulfs external particles or molecules by forming vesicles around them. There are different types of endocytosis, including phagocytosis (engulfment of solid particles) and pinocytosis (engulfment of liquid or dissolved substances).

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Endocytosis

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Once engulfed, the vesicles containing the ingested material fuse with lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles filled with digestive enzymes. This fusion forms digestive vesicles, where the digestion process takes place.

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Formation of Digestive Vesicles

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Within the digestive vesicles, the enzymes break down the ingested material into smaller molecules that can be utilized by the cell. These enzymes include proteases (for breaking down proteins), lipases (for breaking down lipids), and carbohydrases (for breaking down carbohydrates).

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Digestion

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After digestion, the nutrients (such as amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars) are released into the cytoplasm of the cell and can be used for various cellular processes, including energy production, building cellular structures, and signaling.

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Nutrient Absorption

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Any undigested or unusable material, as well as waste products generated during digestion, are either expelled from the cell through exocytosis or further broken down for recycling.

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Waste Removal

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What are (step 1 to 5) the cell digestion process?

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Endocytosis - Formation of Digestive vesicles - Digestion - Nutrient Absorption - Waste Removal