Biochemistry 1

Front 1

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 1

All closed becomes increasingly disordered

Front 2

Entropy (S)

Back 2

disorder of system

Front 3

Leucine - structure

Back 3

Like the greek letter lambda λ (V with C above as R group)

Front 4

Lineweaver Burk plot - what is competitive inhibition and what is noncompetitive?

Back 4

1 Noncompetitive inhibition 2 Competitive inhibiton

Front 5

Lineweaver-Burke plot - difference between graphs of competitive and non-competitive inhibition

Back 5

Two crossed swords - in competition. In non-competitive inhibition - they do not cross

Front 6

Methionine - structure

Back 6

C(S)ee CoxSaSkie v (-C-C-S-C)

Front 7

Arginine - structure

Back 7

Argentina PRayiN' for CNN (R = Pr(propyl)-N-CNN(Carbon, Nitrogen, Nitrogen)

Front 8

Serine - structure

Back 8

Think of a searin` (brennende) pain caused by drinking methanol (R = CH2OH/methanol)

Front 9

Threonine - structure

Back 9

Threonine has 3 oxygen atoms (three-O) and nine H atoms (-nine) (R = Ethanol)

Front 10

Proline - structure

Back 10

R is shaped like a PentagoN with Nitrogen in one corner

Front 11

Redox reactions - what happends to electons

Back 11

OIL RIG. Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain

Front 12

Ortho-, meta- and para- substititons of aromatic rings

Back 12

Or-two met-a-tree para-four. Or-two (Ortho-2) Met-a-tree (Meta-3) Para-four (Para-4, parallel to C1)

Front 13

Which nucleotides are purines, and what are they`re shape?

Back 13

All girls are pure and wear bras. All (Adenine) Girls are (Guanine) Pure (Purine) and wear bras (bras are two-ringed structures - so are purines!)

Front 14

Urea cycle - mnemonic

Back 14

Ordinarily careless crappers are also frivolous (lettsindige) about urination. Ordinarily (Ornithine) Careless (Carbamoyl-phosphate) Crappers (Citrulline) Are (Aspartate) Also (Arginosuccinate) Frivolous (Fumarate) About (Arginine) Urination (Urea)

Front 15

Synthesis of catecholamines, enzymes

Back 15

Tired Dopes Dominate Norway. Tired (Tyrosine) Dopes (DOPA/Dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine) Dominate (Dopamine) Norway (Noradrenaline). Hide de ho: HiDe (hydroxylase), de (decarboxylase), HO (beta-OH-lase/hydroxylase)

Front 16

Location of catecholamine degrading enzymes

Back 16

Cytoplasm: COMT(catechol-O-methyltransferase), Mitochondria: MAO A/B

Front 17

Adrenaline mechanism

Back 17

ABC of adrenaline. Adrenaline -> activates beta receptors -> increases cAMP

Front 18

B vitamin names

Back 18

The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious (in increasing order). Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pyridoxine (B6), Cobalamin (B12)

Front 19

Carbon monoxide - electron transport chain target

Back 19

CO blocks CO. Carbon monoxide/CO blocks cytochrome oxidase (CO)/complex IV

Front 20

Chemical processes going on in both cytoplasm and mitochondria

Back 20

Use both arms to HUG. These reactions occur in both cytoplasm and mitochondria. Heme synthesis, Urea cycle, Gluconeogenesis

Front 21

Dicarboxylic acids - C2-C8

Back 21

Oh, My, Such Good Apple Pie. Oxalic, Malonic, Succinic, Glutaric, Adipic, Pimelic

Front 22

Electron transport chain - rotenone's (inceticide, vs scabies) site of action

Back 22

Rotenone is a site specific inhibitor for complex one

Front 23

Glycolysis steps

Back 23

Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies. Glucose, Glucose-6-P, Fructose-6-P, Fructose-1-6diP, Dihydroxyacetone-P, Glyceraldehyde-P, 1,3-Biphosphoglercerate, 3-Phosphoglycerate, 2-Phosphoglycerate (to), Phosphoenolpyruvate/PEP, Pyruvate ('Did', 'By', and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, py-.

Front 24

How to differentiate structure of glucsose and fructose

Back 24

Fructose: five-ring, Glucose: hexaGon

Front 25

Increased anion-gap acidosis

Back 25

MUDPIES: Methanol, Uremia, Diabetes, Paraldehyde, Idiopathic (lactic acidosis), Ethylene glycol, Salicylates

Front 26

Indirect reacting bilirubin - unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin?

Back 26

Indirect-reacting bilirubin = Unconjugated bilirubin (both start with vowels)

Front 27

Insulin - what to be imported into cells?

Back 27

Insulin stimulates 2 things to go. Potassium, Glucose

Front 28

Normal anion gap acidosis

Back 28

RAGE: R(renal tubular acidosis, respiratory acidosis) A(acetazolamide, ammonium chloride) G (GI: diarrhea, enteroenteric fistula, ureterosigmoidostomy) E (endocrine: Addisons, spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, primary hyperparathyroidism)

Front 29

Phosphorylation cascade - action during low glucose

Back 29

In the phasted (fasted) state - phosphorylate! (The phosphorylation cascade becomes active when blood glucose levels is low)

Front 30

Some drugs w zero-order kinetics

Back 30

Constantly aspiring to phone ethan. Constantly (zero-order kinetics) aspiring (aspirin) to phone (phenytoin) ethan (ethanol)

Front 31

TCA cycle intermediates mnemonic

Back 31

A certificate in karma sutra should further my orgasm: Acetyl-CoA, Citrate, Isocitrate, Alpha-ketoglutarate, Succinyl-CoA, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate

Front 32

Adrenal cortex layers and products

Back 32

Go find Rex, make good sex. Layers(outer->inner): Glomerulosa, Fasciculate, Reticulata. Respective products: Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Sex hormones

Front 33

Coagulation common pathway - factors in order

Back 33

10 + 5 - 2 = 13 (factor X -> factor V -> factor II -> factor XIII)

Front 34

Enzyme kinetics - competitive vs non-competitive inhibition

Back 34

With kompetitive inhibiton: Km increase, no change in Vmax. With Non-kompetitive inhibition: No change in Km, Vmax decrease

Front 35

Enzymes - classification

Back 35

Over The HILL: Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Isomerases, Ligases, Lyases (enzymes get reactions over the hill)

Front 36

G6PD: oxidant drugs inducing hemolytic anemia

Back 36

AAA. Antibiotic (ie sulfamethoxazole), Antimalarial (ie primaquine), Antipyretics (acetanilid)

Front 37

Gibbs free energy formula

Back 37

Good Honey Tastes Sweet. (delta)G = H - T(delta)S

Front 38

Glucagon mechanism

Back 38

Mr. Gluca has Gone to the cAMP to bring out some Glucose. Glucagon elevates glucose by cAMP

Front 39

Glycolysis enzymes

Back 39

High Profile People Act Too Glamorous, Picture Posing Every Place. Hexokinase, Phosphoglucose isomerase, Phosphofructokinase (PFK), Aldolase A, Triose phosphate isomerase, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Phosphoglycerate mutase, Enolase, Pyruvate kinase

Front 40

Golgi complex - functions

Back 40

Golgi Distributes A SPAM. Distributes proteins and lipids from ER, Add mannose onto specific lysosome proteins, Sulfation of sugars and selected tyrosine, Proteoglycan assembly, Add O-oligosugars to serine and threonine, Modify N-oligosugars on asparagine

Front 41

Heme synthesis - amino acid precursors to basic units of porphyrins, heme (pyrrole ring)

Back 41

Dracula wants Suck a Co-ed's blood (think heme) with his Glystening teeth! Succinyl-CoA and Glycine

Front 42

Malate-aspartate shuttle

Back 42

MAD commute. Malate in, Alpha-ketoglutarate and D (Aspartate) out

Front 43

Phenylketonuria - which enzyme is deficient

Back 43

PHenylketonuria is caused by a deficency of: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase

Front 44

Sickle cell disease pathophysiology

Back 44

SICKle cell disease is due to a Substition of the SICKsth amino acid of the B chain

Front 45

Vitamin B3/Niacin/Nicotinic acid deficiency = pellegra - symptoms

Back 45

The 3 Ds (note vitamin B3): Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea

Front 46

Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

Back 46

Several Tend To Nicely Stop Clots. Factor Seven, Ten, Two, Nine, Protein S, Protein C

Front 47

Site of gluconeogenesis

Back 47

Liver, Kidney

Front 48

Site of HMP shunt

Back 48

1 Liver 2 Fat cells 3 Adrenal cortex 4 Mammary gland 5 RBCs (NADPH maintain reduced state of glutathione) (General - NADPH is used in reductive anabolic reactions)

Front 49

Which two places does beta oxidation not occur?

Back 49

Brain & RBCs