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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
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1. Base, 2. 5-carbon sugar, 3. phosphate
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What is the bond that connects the DNA together?
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Phospho-di-ester bond
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What type of sugar is in RNA?
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Ribose
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What type of sugar in DNA?
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Deoxyribose
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Which carbons is key in RNA/DNA?
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Carbon 2
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What do u number the ribose sugar when there is a base added?
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The numbers become prime(5-> 5')
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What are the purine nucleic acids?
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Adenine + guanine
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What are the pyrimidine nucleic acids?
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Cytosine, thymine, uracil
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Define: nucleosides
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Base + sugar
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Define: nucleotides
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Nucleoside(base + sugar) + phosphate
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What is the bond that connects to the sugar
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N-glycosidic bond
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What carbon is the phosphate attached to?
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5' carbon of sugar
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What carbon is the new bases attached to?
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3' carbon of sugar and needs (-OH)
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How is the bases added?
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5' -> 3'
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How many H-bonds in AT?
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2 bonds
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How many H-bonds at GC?
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3 bonds
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Which base pair combination denatures at a lower temp?
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AT < GC
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What is the absorbance rating of DNA?
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260nm
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What is Tm?
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temp at which 50% of strands are denatured
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Define: complementary?
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Strands are paired w/its complementary base
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Define: anti-parallel
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Strands go in opposite directions
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What part of the DNA helix is where drugs bind?
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Drugs bind in the major groove b/c its more exposed
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What are the 3 helical forms?
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1. B-DNA (most-common), 2. A-type-helix in DNA-RNA hybrids, 3. Z-DNA (GC-rich regions)
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What is broken down in denaturation + base?
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RNA backbone is sensitive to base and can be degraded
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What protein is beads on a string?
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chromatin
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How many histones to make a nucleosome
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8 - 2 each H2A, H2B, H3, H4
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How many base pairs wrap round a nucleosome
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140 bp
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What histone binds to DNA between nucleosomes
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H1
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What is another name for thymine?
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5-methyluracil
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Function of rRNA?
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Structural and functional components of ribosomes
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Function of mRNA?
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Carrier protein coding sequence
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Function of tRNA
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Matches amino acid w/codon
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What does the 5' end of mRNA code for?
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5' end has leader sequence and protective cap structure
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What does the 3' end of mRNA code for?
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3' end has untranslated region and poly-A-tail
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Function of ribosomes?
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Site of protein synthesis
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What are the ribosomes in prokaryotes?
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70s -> 50S + 30s
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What are the ribosomes in eukaryotes?
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80s -> 60s + 40s
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What are the RNA components in prokaryotes?
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23s, 16s, 5s
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What are the RNA components in eukaryotes?
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28s, 18s, 5.8s, 5s
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What RNA components in prokaryotes come from one precursor?
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23s, 16s
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What RNA components in eukaryotes come from one precursor
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28s, 18s, 5.8s
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What is the secondary structure of RNA?
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Forms hair pins and loops
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What is a cloverleaf shape, small, and has an anticodon, complementary to coding sequence for one AA in mRNA?
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Transfer RNA
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What is the enzyme that viruses use to make RNA -> DNA?
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Reverse transcriptase
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What is hnRNA and where is it located?
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Heterogenous nuclear RNA, found in nucleus only
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What is snRNA?
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Small nuclear RNA, function = splicing
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What is miRNA?
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Micro RNA, function = gene regulation
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CDR
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clinical data repository
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