Biochemgeek_Bio Ch.6

Front 1

substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7.

Back 1

acid

Front 2

minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

Back 2

activation energy

Front 3

specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme.

Back 3

active site

Front 4

small carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins.

Back 4

amino acid

Front 5

building block of matter; contains subatomic particles: neutrons, protons, and electrons.

Back 5

atom

Front 6

substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7.

Back 6

base

Front 7

mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range.

Back 7

buffer

Front 8

organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.

Back 8

carbohydrate

Front 9

substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the needed amount of activation energy.

Back 9

catalyst

Front 10

energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms are changed into different substances.

Back 10

chemical reaction

Front 11

pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine.

Back 11

compound

Front 12

type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons.

Back 12

covalent bond

Front 13

negatively charged particle that orbits an atom's nucleus.

Back 13

electron

Front 14

pure substance composed of only type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means.

Back 14

element

Front 15

protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start the reaction.

Back 15

enzyme

Front 16

weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom.

Back 16

hydrogen bond

Front 17

atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons.

Back 17

ion

Front 18

electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms.

Back 18

ionic bond

Front 19

two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.

Back 19

isotope

Front 20

hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes are lipids.

Back 20

lipid

Front 21

large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.

Back 21

macromolecule

Front 22

combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics; can have a uniform composition (homogeneous) or have distinct areas of substances (heterogeneous).

Back 22

mixture

Front 23

compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

Back 23

molecule

Front 24

particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus.

Back 24

neutron

Front 25

complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information.

Back 25

nucleic acid

Front 26

a subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Back 26

nucleotide

Front 27

center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons.

Back 27

nucleus

Front 28

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution; indicates the relative strength of an acid or a base: an acidic solution has a pH value less than 7, a basic solution has a pH value greater than 7, and pure water is neutral with a pH value

Back 28

pH

Front 29

molecule with oppositely charged regions.

Back 29

polar molecule

Front 30

large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds.

Back 30

polymer

Front 31

substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

Back 31

product

Front 32

organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms.

Back 32

protein

Front 33

positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.

Back 33

proton

Front 34

substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

Back 34

reactant

Front 35

substance dissolved in a solvent.

Back 35

solute

Front 36

homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent).

Back 36

solution

Front 37

substance in which another substance is dissolved.

Back 37

solvent

Front 38

reactant to which an enzyme binds.

Back 38

substrate

Front 39

attractive forces between molecules.

Back 39

van der Waals forces