Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Main functions of immune system (2)
|
-distinguish self vs. antigens
-destroy/neutralize antigens |
|
|
2 divisions of immune sys (3,1)
|
innate:
-rapid, nonspecific -macrophages secrete signal factors -signal factors trigger inflammation, leukocytes, phagocytosis, and activation of lymphocytes (adaptive response) adaptive: lymphocytes |
|
|
cytokines (2)
|
-intercell signal factors
-sometimes called interleukins (IL) if cells are leukocytes |
|
|
chemokines
|
-small chemoattractant cytokine
-stims migration/activation of cells -esp stims phagocytic cells and lymphocytes |
|
|
chemotaxins
|
-attract leukocytes
|
|
|
LPS receptor (aka+4)
|
"endotoxin"
-receptor on macrophage surface ( -binding activates intracellular messengers -causes transcriptions of target genes -result is release of lipid mediators and cytokines |
|
|
LPS (6)
|
-part of gram-neg bact outer membrane
lipid portion: -"lipid A." 6 hydrocarbon chains -activates phagocytes -leukocyte-toxic -antigenic -causes leukocytes to release lytic enzymes |
|
|
lipid mediators (6)
|
-released by macrophages
-produce inflammatory response -causes vasodilation (redness, heat) -space btw capillary endothelial cells increase -plasma proteins diffuse (incl'd complement proteins) (changing osmosis) -net fluid flows into interstitium (swelling, edema) |
|
|
oncotic pressure (2)
|
-from plasma proteins
-60-80g/L, about 1-1.3mM |
|
|
Recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation (
|
-cytokines activate capillary endothelial cells (via TNF-alpha)
-endothelial cells express selectins and ICAMs (luminal surface) which bind to leukocytes -neutrophils, monocytes extravasate (enter interstitium) |
|
|
selectins (2)
|
-expressed on capillary endothelial cells when activated by a cytokine
-binds surface glycomoiety on leukocyte |
|
|
ICAMs (2)
|
-expressed by cap endo cells during inflammation (along w/ selectins)
-binds to leukocyte integrins |
