Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is a sphingolipid?
|
a lipid with a sphingosine backbone instead of a glycerol backbone
Is it amphipathic? |
yes
|
|
|
What are sphingolipids used for?
|
used to form membranes, signal transduction,
What is the major sphingolipid that we use for membranes? |
sphingomyelin
|
|
|
What does the term complex sphingolipid primarily refer to?
|
gangliosides
|
|
|
|
What are ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-phosphate used for?
|
signaling agents
|
|
|
|
Where do baby sphingosines come from?
|
they are formed as part of the synthesis of ceramide.
Where does this synthesis take place? |
ER
|
|
|
Where do the carbon in sphingosine come from?
|
Serine and palmitic acid
|
|
|
|
What is used to form every lipid with a sphingosin backbone?
|
Ceramide
What is used to form every lipid that has a glycerol backbone? |
Phosphatidic acid
|
|
|
How is Ceramide made?
|
Adding a fatty acid to sphinganine. and then oxidizing it with FAD
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of sphingomyelin?
|
phosphocholine attached to ceramide
Where does this occur? |
in the ER
|
|
|
How do we synthesize cerebrosides?
|
same as sphingomyelin except you add a MONOSACCHARIDE to ceramide instead of Phosphorylcholine
Where are carbohydrates added to ceramide? |
in the Golgi Complex
|
|
|
Most glycolipids have what type of backbone?
|
sphingosine
|
|
|
|
How many monosaccharides are attached to ceramide to produce a cerebroside?
|
just 1
|
|
|
|
What is always in a ganglioside?
|
Sialic acid
Where are they synthesized? |
golgi complex
|
|
|
WTF is PAPS?
|
it's activated sulfur, so we can put sulfate groups on carbohydrates
|
|
|
|
What is the antidote for Acetaminophen poisoning?
|
NAC;
What does it do? |
it is used to increase glutathione levels in the liver
|
|
|
What happens to survivors of tylenol poisoning?
|
Liver Failure
What increases and decreases tylenol toxicity? |
Ethanol makes tylenol more toxic
Grapefruit makes it less toxic (inhibits CYP3A4 but increases the toxicity of some statins) |
|
|
Adverse Drug Reactions. Tell me about them
|
4th leading cause of death.
2 million Adverse Drug Reactions 100K deaths yearly |
|
|
|
What is the most important cytochrome p450 for metabolizing drugs?
|
CYP3A4
|
|
|
|
Whats the most common sphingolipid storage disease?
|
Gaucher's Disease
|
|
|
|
What are the four most common sphingolipid storage diseases?
|
Gauchers, Tay-Sach's, Krabbe's, Nieman-Pick
|
|
