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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eicosanoids are made from ____ which comes from ____ and ____.
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Arachidonic Acid
Diet Linoleic Acid |
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What are the 4 main types of Eicosanoids?
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1. Prostaglandins
2. Thromboxanes 3. Leukotrienes 4. Epoxides |
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Where is Arachidonic Acid found?
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In phospholipid membranes
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What cleaves Arachidonic Acid from phospholipid membranes?
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Phospholipase A2 or C.
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What stimulates Arachidonic Acid to be cleaved from membranes?
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Mostly histamines, cytokines and calcium.
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What inhibits Phospholipase A2? What is the result of this?
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Glycocorticoids
Less synthesis of leukotrienes |
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What enzyme converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes?
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Lipoxygenase
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What enzyme converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins?
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Cyclooxygenase
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What enzyme converts prostaglandins to thromboxanes?
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Thromboxane Synthase
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What enzyme converts arachidonic acid into epoxides?
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Cytochrome P450
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Prostaglandins are essentially ___ ___ that are mediators of ___ and ___.
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Fatty Acids
Inflammation and Pain |
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How do prostaglandins evoke pain and increased sensitivity to pain?
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They act at peripheral sensory neurons and central sites within the spinal cord.
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Prostaglandins increase rapidly during an ____ ___?
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Acute Inflammation
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What type of eicosanoid do platelets normally express and why?
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Thromboxanes
(clotting function) |
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What is the function of thromboxanes?
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Coagulation
Vasoconstriction |
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Platelets express ____, the major product of which is thromboxane.
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COX-1
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Where is COX-2 expressed?
What is its product? What does this do? |
Vascular endothelial cells (when they are undamaged)
Prostacyclin Inhibits coagulation pathway |
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____ is antagonistic to thromboxane.
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Prostacyclin
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Prostaglandins are short lived. Their effects are therefore ____ or ____.
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Paracrine (locally active)
Autocrine (active on same cell it was made in) |
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Name the 5 main functions of prostaglandins.
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1. inflammatory
2. pain 3. fever 4. tissue repair 5. clotting |
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What is the overall effect of aspirin?
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Suppresses production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
Inhibits pain and inflammation. |
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What are the three forms of Cyclooxygenase?
Which type is expressed in every cell in the body? |
COX-1,2,3
COX-1 |
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This is an inducible enzyme, becoming abundant in activated macrophages and other cells at sites of inflammation.
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COX-2
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Leukotrienes are involved in ___ and ___ and act to sustain ____.
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Asthma and Allergic Reactions
Inflammation/vasoconstriction |
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This type of eicosanoid is thought to be a regulator of the sodium potassium pump.
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Epoxides
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A measure of ____ secreted in the urine can be a good measure of oxidative stress on the body.
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Isoprostanes
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_____ acts on cannabonoid receptors and has affects similar to THC.
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Anandamide
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