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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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releasing energy from glucose
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1) burned in presence of oxygen - rapid reaction
2) spontaneously breaks down in presence of O2 3) metabolic breakdown - stepwise - most common |
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endergonic rx
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ATP is source of energy, rx uses energy
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exergonic rx
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ATP may be created, storage spot for energy, released energy
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ATP = energy carrier
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due to high energy phosphate bonds, products have much lower free energy than ATP
readily accessible form of energy |
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generation of ATP
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chemotrophs oxidize fuel
phototrophs capture light |
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brain
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glucose catabolism
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mouth
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polysacharide catabolism
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heart
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fatty acid catabolism
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liver
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fatty acid, amino acid catabolism
gluconeogenesis - glucose into glycogen for storage, fatty acids into triacylglycerol for storage |
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stomach
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protein catabolism, acid hydrolysis
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small intestine
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protein/disaccharide catabolism
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adipose tissue
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fatty acid synthesis
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3 common traits of metabolism
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1) unidirectional/irreversible
2) first rx = rate limiting, committed step - rx must proceed 3) feedback - rx stops when there is enough product |
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metabolic rx
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1) oxidation-reduction (electron exchange)
2) group transfer 3) hydrolysis (water splits) 4) non-hydrolytic cleavage - enzymes split 5) isomerization/rearrangement rx (carbon skeleton is altered) 6) bond fomration rx (2 molecules joined) |
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light rx
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o2 released
water is reducer form NADPH and ATP |
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dark rx
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carbon fixing
carbon dioxide is reducer NADPH oxidized to NADP |
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accessory pigments
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cannot absorb chlorophyll, expressed in leaf colors in the autumn
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zscheme
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photosystems move electrons down chain in an orderly manner so energy is maximized
proton gradients generate ATP |
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dark rx
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calvin cycle
carbon dioxide + ATP + NADPH |
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C4 plants
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synthesize without carbon dioxide - can tolerate high C02 conc. synthesized from 02
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photosystem II
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energy splits water into o2 and protons
ADP to ATP |
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photosystem I
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NADPH is formed
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