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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The sum of reactions that convert substrates to products with specific intermediates
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Intermediary Metabolism
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True or false, regulatory enzymes catalyze the rate-limiting step?
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True
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True or false? regulatory enzymes occur Usually a late step in the pathway - metabolic economy
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false
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true or false: the regulatory enzymes are readily reversible?
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false
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True or false? the regulatory enzyme is the slowest step in the pathway?
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True
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True or false? Regulatory enzymes control the flux through pathways?
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True
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Which of the following is not true for Catabolism?
They are; Oxidative reactions exergonic make NADPH, ATP have large products are converging |
Large products, they have small products
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Which of the following is not true of Anabolic reactions?
THey are: Reductive reactions endergonic use NADPH, ATP large products converging |
converging, they are diverging`
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Can Catabolism and Anabolism be exact reverse of one another
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NO, they can share some of the same steps tho.
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open systems
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exchange matter and energy with the surroundings
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Living organisms stay alive how?
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open systems
non-equilibrium steady-state (input=output) isothermal (maintain a constant temp) generally exist under constant Pressure |
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Pyruvate -> acetyl CoA ->CO2
What type of rxn. is this? |
Catabolic
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Pyruvate -> amino acids
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Anabolic
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Common intermediates of metabolism
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Pyruvate and acetyl-CoA
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End Products of Metabolism
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NH3, CO2, H2O
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Polymers of metabolism
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proteins, Carbohydrates, lipids
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Monomers of Metabolism
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amino acids, hexoses,pentoses, and fatty acids
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What the the 4 stages of Metabolism?
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1. Polymers
2. Monomers 3. Common Intermediates 4. End Products |
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What is the goal of the regulation of pathways
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metabolic economy and flexibility
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soluble enzymes exist where?
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in the cytosol
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Enzyme complexes have an advantage by having the enzyme passed directly to the next, what is it?
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No dilution or loss of intermediates because it is directly passed
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Feedback Regulation, aka end-product inhibition
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if you have enough of the product you want to close down the pathway (control the synthesis of an enzyme)
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What kind of mechanism is invovled in feedback regulation
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allosteric mechanism
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Feed-Forward Regulation is important because
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disposal of toxins
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What is the mechanism that feed-forward regulation undergoes?
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enzyme induction
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Isoenzymes do what?
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Catalzye same reaction with different kinetics
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Reciprocal Regulation
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cannot have the exact reverse of one another
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Reciprocal Regulation is controlled by what mechanism?
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allosteric effectors (because they have the opposite effect)
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Multi-function enzymes
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More than one enzymatic acitvity on the same protein
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Reduced Coenzymes
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capture the energy to make ATP in the transport chain
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RBC are aerobic or anaerobic
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anaerobic
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RBC can or cannot use fatty acids and ketone bodies
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Cannot
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Because RBC produce lactic acid all the time, they always need what?
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glucose
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RBC carry what to all the tissues
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Oxygen
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The heart undergoes aerobic or anaerobic metabolism?
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AEROBIC
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What are the 4 major organs in metabolism?
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1. Liver (all cycles occur here)
2. Skeletal Muscle (great user of energy, rest and contract) 3. Adipose Tissue (largest store of energy) 4. Brain (needs glucose all the time) |
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During the starved state, increased oxidation of fatty acids occurs by tissues, with what exception(s)
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brain and RBC
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Insulin Secretion occurs in the fed or starved state?
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fed
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glucagon secretion occurs in the fed or starved state?
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Starved
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what is a metabolic block
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a block in the pathway
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