Biochem Memorize 2

Front 1

DNA base w/ a ketone

Back 1

guanine

Front 2

DNA base w/ a methyl

Back 2

thymine

Front 3

Deamination of cytosine forms...

Back 3

uracil

Front 4

Amino acids used in purine synthesis

Back 4

Glycine, aspartate, glutamine

Front 5

Hydroxyurea MOA

Back 5

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

Front 6

Orotic aciduria defective enzymes

Back 6

orotic acid phosphoribosyltransferase or orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase

Front 7

Exceptions to universal genetic code

Back 7

mitochondria, archaebacteria, mycoplasma, and some yeasts

Front 8

Eukaryotic equivalent of Primase

Back 8

DNA poly alpha

Front 9

Eukaryotic equivalent of DNA polymerase III

Back 9

DNA poly delta

Front 10

Eukaryotic equivalent of DNA polymerase I

Back 10

DNA poly beta

Front 11

Synthesis of protein

Back 11

from N to C direction

Front 12

RNA polymerase components in Prokaryotes

Back 12

alpha binds regulatory units, Beta has polymerase activity, sigma binds promotors

Front 13

Function of 5' cap

Back 13

protect from ribonucleases

Front 14

Function of 3' cap

Back 14

protect from 3'->5' exonucleases

Front 15

Antibodies against snRNPs

Back 15

anti-smith Ab seen in lupus

Front 16

MOA of chloramphenicol

Back 16

inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase

Front 17

N-linked oligosaccharide addition occurs where?

Back 17

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Hint 17

N-oligosaccharides are then modified in the golgi apparatus

Front 18

Cyclin A-CDK2

Back 18

sustains S-phase, ensuring DNA is replicated

Front 19

cyclin B-CDK1

Back 19

regulates entry into M-phase

Front 20

Cyclin D-CDK4

Back 20

inactivates Rb protein, allowing cyclin E to be made

Front 21

Cyclin E-CDK2

Back 21

pushes cell into S-phase

Hint 21

inhibited by p21, a gene product of p53

Front 22

COPI vs. COPII

Back 22

retrograde vs. anterograde, respectively

Hint 22

Clathrin mediates trans-Golgi to lysosomes or plasma membrane to endosomes

Front 23

Immunohistochemical stain for endothelium

Back 23

CD34, vWF

Front 24

Types of collagen

Back 24

I: bone, skin, tendon, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair. II: cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposus. III (reticulin): skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue. IV: basement membrane, lens of eye

Front 25

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Back 25

Type III collagen defect

Hint 25

Sx: hyperextensible skin, tendency to bleed, hypermobile joints. Associated w/ joint dislocation, berry aneurysms, organ rupture

Front 26

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 26

Autosomal defect in type I collagen (type II is fatal in utero)

Hint 26

Tx: bisphophonates

Front 27

Elastin

Back 27

compared to collagen, it has less proline and lysine residues that are hydroxylated, no triple helix is formed

Hint 27

elastin's plasticity and abiliyt to recoil upon release of tension is due to desmosine crosslinking between lysine residues on different chains (crosslinking is done by lysyl hydroxylase)

Front 28

RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)

Back 28

once siRNA binds to complementary mRNA, RISC breaks it down

Front 29

Pleiotropy

Back 29

1 gene has more than 1 effect on an individuals phenotype

Front 30

Mosaicism

Back 30

germ-line mosaic, where germ cells have different genetic makeup than the parents somatic cells.

Hint 30

This may produce disease in children that is not seen in parents

Front 31

Locus heterogeneity

Back 31

Mutations at different gene loci can produce the same phenotype

Hint 31

Marfan's syndrome, MEN2B, homocystinuria all cause marfanoid habitus. Albinism is another example

Front 32

Uniparental disomy

Back 32

can cause prader-willi and angelman's sndrome

Front 33

Phenotypic heterogeneity

Back 33

mutations in the same gene can lead to different phenotypes

Front 34

Allelic heterogeneity

Back 34

different mutations in same gene can lead to similar phenotype

Hint 34

don't confuse with locus heterogeneity. Locus is different gene, same phenotype. Allelic is same gene, same phenotype.