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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The liver produces glucose via _______ & _________
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-liver
-glycogen -gluconeogenesis |
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What's the difference b/w glycogen & gluconeogenesis?
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-glycogen is a short term fix
-gluconeogenesis is many days |
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What are the major gluconeogenic substrates (3)?
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-lactate
-amino acids (alanine) -glycerol |
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_____ & _____ enter gluconeogenesis via pyruvate & ______ enters via Glycerol 3-P --> DHAP.
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-lactate & alanine
-Glycerol |
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Which tissues produce glucose via gluconeogenesis?
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liver & kidney
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What are the steps of gluconeogenesis that don't use glycolytic enzymes?
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10) pyruvate --> P-enolpyruvate
-Pyruvate Carboxylase -P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) 3) F16BP --> F6P -Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase 1) G6P --> Glucose -Glucose 6 Phosphatase |
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The enzymes in glycolysis that are different in gluconeogenesis are __________ & ___________ & ________
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-Hexokinase
-Phosphofructokinase 1 -Pyruvate Kinase |
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How do you get oxaloacetate out of the mitochondria?
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-either by malate or aspartate
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Conversion of maltate to oxaloacetate generates _______, conversion of aspartate to oxaloacetate changes ______ to _____
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-NADH
-alpha ketoglutarate --> glutamate |
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Pyruvate Carboxylase coverts _______ to _______ in the ______ & requires coenzyme ________
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-pyruvate to oxaloacetate
-mitochondria -biotin |
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PEP Carboxykinase (PEPCK) converts _______ to _________ in the cytoplasm
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-Oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate
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Glucose-6-Phosphatase activity in found in the ______ in the liver. _______ move it from the _____ to the cytoplasm
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-ER
-translocases -ER |
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Von Gierke's Disease
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glycogen storage disease
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Gluconeogenesis is expensive, Pyruvate Carboxylase requires ______, PEPCK requires _____, 3PGlycerate kinase requires ______,G3P dehydrogenase requires ________
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-2 ATPs
-2GTPs -2 ATPs -2 NADH |
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Pyruvate conversion to oxaloacetate is activated by ______, b/c it tells you that you have energy & you're breaking down fat to provide energy for TCA cycle
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-Acetyl CoA
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Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate is negatively regulated by what (2), positively regulated by what (1)?
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negative:
-AMP -F2,6BP positive: -citrate |
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PEPCK is inhibited by ______ & favored by ______ & Pyruvate Kinase is inhibited by ______ & favored by ______. (HORMONE REGULATION)
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-insulin
-glucagon -glucagon -insulin |
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How does hormone regulation of PFK2 coordinate glycolysis & gluconeogenesis?
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-Insulin stimulates phosphatase to take phosphate off of PFK2 so F26BP is made & Glycolysis is stimulated while Gluconeogenesis is inhibited
-Glucagon stimulates kinase to phosphorylated PFK2 so it becomes a phosphatase and F26BP becomes F6P & glycolysis is inhibited while gluconeogenesis is stimulated |
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What is the cori cycle?
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-glucose --> lactose (in muscle or RBC) --> blood stream --> liver --> to glucose (in liver)
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What is the cahill cycle?
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-glucose --> pyruvate --> alanine (in muscle cell) --> blood --> pyruvate --> glucose (in liver cell)
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