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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the compound inbetween glucose & fructose?
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sorbitol
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Glucose is converted to sorbitol by __________
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Aldol Reductase
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Fructose is converted to sorbitol by __________
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Sorbitol Dehydrogenase
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Where is sorbitol found/of interest?
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-seminal vesicles & eye
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Where does fructose enter the metabolic pathway?
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-converted to Fructose -1-Phosphate --> goes to DHAP or Glyceraldehyde by Aldolase B
-enters at G3P eventually |
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Fructose-1-P is converted to Dihydroxyacetone3-P or Glyceraldehyde by _______
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Aldolase B
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Glyceraldehyde is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate by __________
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Glyceraldehdye Kinase
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Why would a person with muscle weakness in exercise feel better after eating fructose (they have a problem with muscle PFK1)?
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Because Fructose enters metabolic pathway after PFK1
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Essential Fructosuria (Hereditary Fructosuria)
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-problem with fructokinase (which makes Fructose -->F1P)
-not a huge problem |
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Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
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-problem with Aldolase B which converts F16 --> DHA3P or Glyceraldehyde
-get F16 buildup which sequesters Pi, blocks glycogen breakdown & glucose synthesis (same thing that makes you sick after eating candy b/c Aldolase B is SLOW) |
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Mannose --> Mannose-6-Phosphate by ______, Mannose-6-Phosphate --> Fructose-6-Phosphate by ______
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-hexokinase
-Phosphomannose Isomerase |
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How does mannose get into glycolysis?
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-Convert it to Mannose-6-Phosphate by hexokinase, then to Frucotose-6-Phosphate by Phosphomannose isomerase
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Galactose --> Galactose-1-P by ________, _______ reacts making UDP-galactose by _________, UDP-galactoseis converted to UDP-glucose by ________ which is converted to _________ by Gal-1-P-uridylyl transferase, which is converted to Glucose-6-Phosphate by _________
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-Galactokinase
-UDP-Glucose -Gal-1-P-uridylyl transferase -epimerase -Glucose-1-Phosphate -Phosphoglucomutase |
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What are 3 fates of UDP-galactose besides glycolysis (entering at G6P)?
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1) Galactitol
2) Lactose 3) Glycoprotein/lipid |
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Galactokinase defect causes what?
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-Galactose gets converted to Galactitol which can build up & cause eye problems
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Defect in Gal-1-P-uridylyl transferase causes what? What does Galactosemia screen for?
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-Galactose-1-Phosphate builds up in cell
-SERIOUS -deficiencies in transferase |
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What are the uses for UDP-Glucuronic Acid?
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-Glucouronides: bilirubin, drugs
-conjugation makes molecules more polar & therefore excreted |
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Alcohol is converted into _______ by _____, ______ & _________
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-acetaldehyde
-catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase & Cyt P450 |
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Acetalydehyde is metabolized to acetylCoA eventually, what are the steps?
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-Acetaldehyde --> Acetate (by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) --> actylCoA (by acetyl CoA synthetase)
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Production of ______ inhibits gluconeogenesis
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NADH
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Acetyl CoA synthetase can only convert so much acetate to acetyl CoA, what happens to the rest of the acetate building up?
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Acidosis
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What is a consequence of Acidosis build up due to acetate forming it?
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NADH levels rise & gluconeogenesis is inhibited
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Where does extra NADH build up from acidosis go?
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to pyruvate to convert it to lactic acid
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What is the effect of NADH build up due to acidosis on glucose production?
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hypoglycemia
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What does NADH build up due to acidosis stimulate production of?
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Triglyceride formation
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How is methanol toxic?
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-Methanol --> formaldehyde --> formic acid --> acidosis & tissue injury
-competitively inhibit with ethanol |
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How is antifreeze toxic?
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ehtylene glycol --> glycoaldehyde --> glycolyic acid (aldehyde dehydrogenase) --> acidosis
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