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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function and activation of glycolysis
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Glucose is converted to 2NADH, 2 Pyruvate, and 2ATP.
Starts when energy is needed, aerobic - lactate, anaerobic - citric acid cycle |
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Function and activation of gluconeogenesis
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Pyruvate + 4 ATP, 2 ATP -> Glucose
When liver needs to raise blood sugar levels AND liver glycogen is depleted |
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Glycogen synthesis
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UTP-glucose -> glycogen
When glucose is in exces |
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Glycogen degredation
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glycogen->glucose
Muscles need glucose for energy or liver needs to raise blood sugar levels |
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PPP
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Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Glucose-6-Phosphate -> ribose-5-P + other sugars, makes 2NADPH |
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What are riboose and NADPH used for and how are they produced
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Produced from PPP
Used to make nucleotides and lipids respectively |
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Why is glycolysis AMPHIBOLIC?
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It is both anabolic and catabolic
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Adenylate Kinase
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Generates ATP from 2 ATP
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Affect of ATP and AMP on glycolysis
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AMP allosterically stimulates
ATP allostericaly inhibits |
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Glucagon does what...
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activates PKA, which deactivates PFK (phosphorylates)
Insulin activates PFK |
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Positive and negative regulators of Pyruvate Kinase
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Positive - fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Negative - ATP, alanine |
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Allosteric inhibition of hexokinase
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glucose-6-phosphate
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Irreversible enzyme equivalents of gluconeogenesis to glycolysis
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Hexokinase becomes glucose-6-phosphatase
Phosphofructokinase becomes fructose-1,6-biphosphatase Pyruvate kinase becomes pyruvate carboxylase (oxaloacetate) and PEP carboxylkinase |
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Positive and negative regulators of phosphofructokinase
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+ F-2,6-Biphosphate and AMP
- ATP, Citrate, and H+ |
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Positive and neg regulators of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
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+ - citrate
- F-2,6-BP, AMP |
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Regulators of pyruvate kinase
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+ F-1,6-BP
- ATP and Alanine |
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Regulators of Pyruvate Carboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase |
+ Acetyl CoA
- ADP - ADP |
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Opposite of kinase
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phosphatase
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