Biochem Final Exam Part 2

Front 1

Reacts slowly with oxygen in the absence of catalyst

Back 1

NADH

Front 2

Kinetically stable in the absence of a catalyst (2)

Back 2

ATP and acetyl COA

Front 3

Reactive site on acetyl CoA

Back 3

sulfhydryl group

Front 4

ATP acts as the ____ in most energy requiring processes

Back 4

free energy donor

Front 5

ATP hydrolysis is

Back 5

exergonic

Front 6

Large amount of energy is released when ATP is hydrolyzed because of

Back 6

phoshoanhydrous bonds being broken

Front 7

As delta G decreases, Keq will

Back 7

increase

Front 8

Which is more favorable for ATP hydrolysis: standard or physiological

Back 8

physiological

Front 9

ATP will transfer a phosphoryl group to ____ compared to other molecules?

Back 9

water

Front 10

Pi has a much greater/lower resonance stabilization compared to ATP

Back 10

greater

Front 11

Electrostatic repulsions and ATP

Back 11

ATP has electrostatic repulsions. Hydrolysis relieves this

Front 12

Water molecules can bind ADP + Pi or ATP better?

Back 12

ADP + Pi

Front 13

ATP can function as both a __ and ___ making it an efficient ___

Back 13

donor and or acceptor, good carrier

Front 14

When might ATP have a phosphoryl group transferred to it?

Back 14

ATP generation during glucose breakdown

Front 15

Carbohydrate is more or less oxidized than lipid?

Back 15

more oxidized

Front 16

O2 is the final electron

Back 16

acceptor

Front 17

What is more oxidized, Methanol or formic acid? H--c=o

l

OH

Back 17

formic acid

Front 18

Saturation: more or less means more reduced?

Back 18

more saturated means more reduced

Front 19

Carbon in fuel molecules is ____ to CO2

Back 19

oxidized

Front 20

Resulting e from oxidation captured and used to regenerate

Back 20

ATP

Front 21

The ___reduced a carbon is to begin with, the ___free energy is released by its oxidation

Back 21

the more reduced it is, the more free energy is released y the oxidation

Front 22

IN ____ organism, ultimate e- acceptor is ___

Back 22

aerobic, O2

Front 23

Fats are MORE efficient food sourse than carbs because C in fats are

Back 23

more reduced

Front 24

Saturation: more reduced =more/less saturation

Back 24

more

Front 25

Oxidation energy is used in __ formation

Back 25

ATP

Front 26

The formation of ATP: 2 aspects

Back 26

the creation of a compound with high phosphoryl transfer potential or to create an ion gradient

Front 27

Ion gradients allow for what? (thermodynamics)

Back 27

reaction coupling

Front 28

Ion gradient pumps___ out of cells

Back 28

H+

Front 29

_____ generated by oxidation of carbon account for 90% or more of ___ generation. What is another name for this?

Back 29

proton gradients, ATP generation. Oxidative phosphorylation

Front 30

Important product of gylcolysis and CAC

Back 30

NADH

Front 31

Lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins are all brrken down into ____

Back 31

Acetly CoA

Front 32

Next, acetyl CoA will go through what process?

Back 32

Citrica acid cycle where it will give off CO2 and generate electrons

Front 33

These electrons will go through

Back 33

oxidative phosphorylation where H2O is given off and ATP generated

Front 34

Is there any ATP spent or generated in the breakdown of acetyl group of acetyl CoA?

Back 34

Very little spent, more generated

Front 35

Most ATP is produced in the destruction and formation of what?

Back 35

complete oxidation of acetyl group to CO2

Front 36

Electron pairs are transferred to ___ during ATP production and acetyl oxidation

Back 36

carriers

Front 37

What is formed as e- flow>

Back 37

proton gradient

Front 38

Where do e- flow to?

Back 38

O2

Front 39

___ used to synthesize ATP

Back 39

gradient used

Front 40

2 acetyl Coa will give off what products first in CAC?

Back 40

6NADH and 2FADH2

Front 41

Next product that is given off in CAC?

Back 41

4 CO2

Front 42

Generates?

Back 42

2 molecules of ATP

Front 43

Glucose goes through glycolysis to generate

Back 43

pyruvate

Front 44

Pyruvate is precursor to

Back 44

acetyl CoA

Front 45

Glocose stored as

Back 45

glycogen or stach

Front 46

Product of glycolysis (and what is given off), what is used

Back 46

Product is pyruvate, 2 NADH is given off and 2 ATP is used

Front 47

glycolysis vs citric acid cycle location?

Back 47

glycolysis outside membrane, CAC in

Front 48

___ used in electron transport chain

Back 48

NADH and FADH2 from citric acid cycle

Front 49

___ creates ADP inside mitochondria

Back 49

oxidative phosphorylation

Front 50

gradients allow for the pumping in and out of

Back 50

protons