Biochem Final Ch7

Front 1

Peptidoglycan
Lipid Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm

Back 1

Gram positive bacteria

stains purple

Front 2

Peptidoglycans are structural polysaccharides made of _______ and _______ unbranched polymers

Back 2

n-acetylglucosamine
n-acetyluramic acid

Front 3

LPS
Peptidoglycan
Lipid Plasma membrane
Peri-plasmic space
Cytoplasm

Back 3

Gram negative bacteria

Front 4

Polysaccharide chains are cross-linked together by a ______ and ______ bridge

Back 4

tetra-peptide
Pentaglycine

Front 5

at the carboxyl terminus, the pentaglycine bridge is attached to the ______ residue

Back 5

Lysine

Front 6

at the amino terminus, the pentaglycine bridge is attached to _______

Back 6

D-alanine

Front 7

Penicillin affects the _____ terminus

Back 7

amino

Front 8

peptidoglycan chains have a basic structure made up of mostly ____ and some ______

Back 8

glycans
peptides

Front 9

Gram negative bacteria have highly _____ outer membranes

Back 9

Glycosolated

Front 10

The gram negative outer membrane contains....

3

Back 10

O-specific chain (immune)
Core (toxins)
Lipid A (glycosilated lipids)

Front 11

glycolipids and glycoproteins on the surface of our cells that serve as recognition points

Back 11

glycoconjugates

Front 12

glycosolation patterns allow cells to recognize eachother so they can...

Back 12

organize and differentiate to form an organ

Front 13

blood has a basic glycosolation pattern, a trisaccharide containing ____

Back 13

n-acetylglucosamine, galactose, and fuctose

Called structure H

Front 14

Type O

Back 14

contains only the basic trisaccharide structure

antibodies against A and B

Front 15

Type B

Back 15

Has galactose added onto the structure

antibodies against type A

Front 16

Type A

Back 16

has n-acetylgalactosamine added to the structure

antibodies against type B

Front 17

Type AB

Back 17

variation of type A and type B

no antibodies against A or B
Universal acceptor

Front 18

Rh positive
Rh negative

Back 18

Rh factor is an integral membrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer
+ means you have it
- means you dont

Front 19

Plants have proteins called ____ that bind to specific carbohydrate patterns

Back 19

lectins

Front 20

Humans have proteins called ___ that bind to specific carbohydrate patterns

Back 20

Selectins

Front 21

Monosaccharides and carbohydrates bind selectins and lectins by..

Back 21

hydrogen bonding (most)
hydrophobic interactions
van der wahls forces

Front 22

p-selectin in endothelial cells bind with low affinity to the surface of leukocytes causing them to

Back 22

roll along the endothelial wall

Front 23

LPS of invading bacteria, or cytokines produced by infection, stimulate the transfer of p-selectin to____

Back 23

the surface of endothelial cells (minutes)
p-selectin is now dispersed all along the cell membrane, causes traffic jam of leukocytes (inflammation)

Front 24

cytokines act as a transcription factor and activate_____

Back 24

E-selectin/integrins (high affinity, hours)

Front 25

E-selectin binding on the surface of leukocytes causes _____ of leukocytes or neutrophils to the endothelial cell (immune response)

Back 25

adhesion

Front 26

_____ ______ on the surface of a protein target it for insertion into the cell membrane, for the cytosol, or for destruction in the lysosome

Back 26

glycosylation patterns
(protein trafficking)

Front 27

this marks proteins to be endocytosed and destroyed

Back 27

Ubiquitin

Front 28

Influenza
nucleoproteins bound to RNA contain the _____

Back 28

viral genome

Front 29

Matrix proteins lining the inner surface of the phospholipid bilayer serve as ____ _____

Back 29

Proton pumps

Front 30

The viral genome is usually held in __ segments of RNA within that virus

Back 30

8

Front 31

Knobby membrane proteins protruding from the lipid envelope are called ___

Back 31

HA hemoagglutanin
The H in HxNy

Front 32

HA is a selectin like protein because it binds to ____ on the cells surface, adhering to the cell (adsorption)

Back 32

sialic acid

Front 33

a transmembrane glycoprotein
the N in HxNy

Back 33

Neuraminidase NA

functions at the end of viral replication, releases the virus from the cell and prevents aggregation

Front 34

Neuraminidase breaks glycosidic bonds with _____ aka ____

Back 34

sialic acid aka neurominic acid

Front 35

HA binds to sialic acid through hydrogen bonding btw ____ and ____

Back 35

Histidine
Tyrosine

Front 36

Carbohydrates can also bind by hydrophobic interactions btw a ____ and _____

Back 36

Methyl group
Leucine

Front 37

mutations in amino acids surrounding the binding site lead to different _____ _____

Back 37

antigenic determinants
different antibody production leads to N1, N2, N3 etc

Front 38

Reassortment results in antigenic shift (variation) in __ and __ causing a pandemic

Back 38

HA and NA

Front 39

Type B influenza is infectious to

Back 39

humans and seals

Front 40

Type A Flu is infectious to

Back 40

all other species except humans

Front 41

A cross-over (cross strains) of type A and B would cause a _____

Back 41

pandemic

Front 42

Insertion of fusion peptides into a normal cells membrane alters its physical properties, causing it to ____ with viral lipid membrane

Back 42

fuse
to give a hemi-fusion intermediate

Front 43

Proton pumps pump protons from the endosome into the interior of the virus, uncoating the virus.
The virus then...

Back 43

Dumps its contents (genome) into the cytosol of the cell

Front 44

Neuraminidase frees the virus from the cell membrane by ________

Back 44

hydrolyzing off sialic acid

ensures vigorous infectivity

Front 45

2 neuraminidase inhibitors?

Back 45

Tamiflu
Relenza

Type A or B
Both are sialic acid analogs (bind to active site)

Front 46

2 inhibitors of matrix protein function?

Back 46

amantadine
rimantadine

Only type A
prevent uncoating of virus
many side effects