Biochem Final

Front 1

Lypolysis -the release of fatty acids- is controlled by what?

Back 1

hormones

Front 2

_____ hydrolyse the ester bonds -> release of fatty acids?

Back 2

lipases

Front 3

_____ ______ _____ cleaves at C-1 and C-3 of TAG's?

Back 3

Hormone-sensitive lipases

Front 4

Glycerol->

Back 4

liver

Front 5

fatty acids->

Back 5

muscle, heart, and liver

Front 6

during the Fed state, insulin is released which inhibits what?

Back 6

lipolysis

Front 7

depletion of ____ stores decreases insulin and release of glucagon and epinephrine?

Back 7

CHO

Front 8

fatty acids transported in the blood are bound to what?

Back 8

albumin

Front 9

what type of oxidation is responsible for taking up fatty acids into tissues?

Back 9

beta-oxidation

Front 10

fatty acids are transported into cells by what?

Back 10

fatty acid-binding protein

Front 11

how many stages -in invertebrates- are there in beta-oxidation?

Back 11

three

Front 12

the first stage of beta-oxidation is activation of the cytosol which makes what?

Back 12

ATP and CoA

Front 13

the second stage of beta-oxidation is transport into the mitoch, what is the proper name of this transport system?

Back 13

carnitine shuttle

Front 14

the third stage of beta-oxidation is degradation of 2-carbon fragments, what is an example of this?

Back 14

acetyl-CoA in the mitoch. matrix

Front 15

true or false:
activation is a reversible reaction due to immediate hydrolysis of PPi?

Back 15

false, it is irreversible

Front 16

during activation how many high-energy bonds are consumed?

Back 16

2

Front 17

carnitine acyltransferase I- outer surface of I.M.-> ____

Back 17

acylcarnitine

Front 18

true or false:
Acyl-CoA's can cross the the inner membrane?

Back 18

false, they cannot

Front 19

acyl-CoA's are carried across the membrane via?

Back 19

translocase

Front 20

Carnitine acyltransferase II-matrix side of the I.M.- reforms the _____?

Back 20

Acyl-CoA

Front 21

During the fist reaction of beta-oxidation, what is the enzyme?

Back 21

FAD-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Front 22

During the first rxn of beta-oxidation, _____ is converted to ______.

Back 22

FAD->FADH2

Front 23

During the second rxn of beta-oxidation, what is the enzyme?

Back 23

Enoyl-CoA hydratase

Front 24

During the second rxn of beta-oxidation, _____ is the product.

Back 24

B-OH acyl-CoA

Front 25

In reaction 3 of beta oxidation, what is the enzyme?

Back 25

NAD-B-OHacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Front 26

During the fist reaction of beta-oxidation with the enzyme FAD-acyl-CoA dehyrogenase,_____ is converted to ______.

Back 26

FAD->FADH2

Front 27

During the second rxn of beta-oxidation, with the enzyme Enoyl-CoA hydratase, what are the products?

Back 27

beta-OH acyl-CoA

Front 28

During the third rxn of beta-oxidation, with the enzyme NAD-Beta-OHacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, what are the products?

Back 28

NAH and H+

Front 29

During the fourth reaction of beta-oxidation, with the enzyme Thiolase, what are the products?

Back 29

acetyl-CoA and acyl-CoA

Front 30

The last cycle of odd-chain fatty acids produces____ and _____.

Back 30

acetyl-CoA and
propionyl-CoA

Front 31

propionyl CoA and Amino acids are converted to methylmalonyl then into ______.

Back 31

succinyl CoA

Front 32

which amino acids are converted into succinyl CoA?

Back 32

threonine, isoluceine, methione, and valine

Front 33

oxidation of perioxisomes occurs in fatty acids with how many carbons?

Back 33

more than 20

Front 34

In peroxisomes, acyl CoA dehydrogenase passes electrons from FADH2 directly to?

Back 34

O2 and H2O2

Front 35

in unsaturated fatty acids, is the double bond cis or trans?

Back 35

cis

Front 36

a cis-trans double bond in unsaturated fatty acids shifts the double bond and converts to ?

Back 36

trans

Front 37

when you add hydratase to an unsaturated fatty acid, what is the product?

Back 37

D-OH

Front 38

An epimerase changes ___ to ____.

Back 38

D to L configuration.

Front 39

In alpha oxidation, an alpha-hydroxylase put an OH and which carbon?

Back 39

the alpha carbon

Front 40

Alpha-oxidation facilitates the removal of the carboxyl to ____?

Back 40

CO2

Front 41

In alpha-oxidation, a small amount of alpha-ox on long chains, how many carbons at a time?

Back 41

1

Front 42

in omega-ox, a _____ is produced.

Back 42

dicarboxylic acid

Front 43

omega-ox occurs when there is a deficiency of _____ or a genetic defect of one fo the beta-oxidation enzymes.

Back 43

carnitine

Front 44

fatty acids have a high or low rate of oxidation, with respect to ketone bodies.

Back 44

high

Front 45

With ketone bodies, when you have an insufficient amount of oxaloacetate, what will begin?

Back 45

the TCA cycle

Front 46

In respect to ketone bodies, if you have an excess of Acetyl-CoA, what is produced?

Back 46

ketone bodies

Front 47

Ketone bodies are synthesized by what organ?

Back 47

the liver

Front 48

In respect to ketone bodies, ____ and ____ are acids.

Back 48

acetoacetate and beta-OH-butyrate

Front 49

true or false, ketone bodies need albumin when in the blood?

Back 49

false, they do not

Front 50

If you add 2 acetyl-CoA to ketone bodies, what happens?

Back 50

the thiolase rxn is reversed

Front 51

if you add 3 acetyl-CoA to ketone bodies, what happens?

Back 51

you'll get HMG-CoA (6C)

Front 52

when ketone bodies are utilized, the acid beta-hydroxybuturate is oxidized to ___?

Back 52

acetoacetate

Front 53

can the liver use ketone bodies?

Back 53

nope

Front 54

true or false, OAA must be used for glyconeogenesis, not the TCA cycle?

Back 54

true

Front 55

The energy yield is _____ of ATP/mole compared to glucose.

Back 55

higher.