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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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which RNA pol in eukaryotes is responsible for transcription of mRNA that encodes proteins?
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RNA polymerase II
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what is the name of the conserved sequence 25-35bp upstream of transcription start site in the promoter of eukaryotes?
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TATA box
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what must occur to RNA pol II for transcription to occur?
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it must be phosphorylated at its extended C-terminal tail.
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what is the function of general transcription factors?
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to recognize and unwind the promoter
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None
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are more or fewer proteins and cis-acting sequences required for transcription in chromatin than in naked DNA?
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more
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what is the name of the two types of cis-acting sequences required for activating transcription in vivo, from DNA bound to chromatin?
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promoter proximal sequences and enhancers
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are promoter proximal sequences located upstream or downstream of TATA box?
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upstream
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are enhancers located upstream or downstream of promoter? If located downstream of promoter, where are they usually found?
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either upstream or downstream; in introns
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what do enhancers determine?
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when and where a gene will be expressed
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which types of factors bind to promoter proximal sequences and enhancers?
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regulatory factors
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which types of messages about transcription do regulatory factors relay?
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whether to activate or repress transcription from the promoter
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to what do DNA-binding domains in regulatory factors bind?
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to specific sequences in promoter proximal sequences and enhancers
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DNA-binding domains in regulatory factors are connected to which type of domain?
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activator or repressor
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repression and activation domains bind what? (give 3 examples)
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mediators, histone modifying factors, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes
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what is the function of the mediator?
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to control assembly of general transcription factors and RNA pol II
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does the presence of histone normally activate or repress the transcription of DNA?
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repress
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which part of histones is targeted by histone acetylases, methylases, kinases, and ubiquitin ligases?
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N-term tails of histones H3 and H4
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What are HATs? What do they do?
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histone acetyl transferases; attach acetyl groups to lysine residues in N-term tails of histones
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what are two effects of histone acetylation?
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1) neutralization of positive charge, thereby loosening the ionic interactions with DNA and 2) marking of chromatin so it is recognized by other types of chromatin remodeling proteins
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what are HDACs? What do they do?
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histone deacetylases; they remove acetyl groups from histones and repress transcription
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What is the role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes?
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to clear the nucleosome from the promoter for assembly of the preinitiation complex
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do all regulatory factors have either activation or repression domains?
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no, some have both.
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how is communication of regulatory factors with promoter achieved over long distances?
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looping out of intervening DNA
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which sequences are responsible for preventing enhancers from affecting transcription from adjacent genes on chromosome?
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insulating sequences
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