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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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roles of lipids
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membrane formation
hormone synthesis transport of fat soluble vitamins essential fatty acids |
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linolenic acid deficiency
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leads to vision and altered learning behaviors
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what causes atherosclerosis
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diet high in cholesterol and trans fatty acids
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essential amino acids
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methionine, threonine, valine, leucine, lysine, isoleucine, phenyalanine, tryptophan, histidine
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mastication
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mixes food and saliva to form bolus
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functions of saliva
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cleanses and lubricates the mouth
microbial defense lysozomes, lacteoferrin and IgA eases swallowing |
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alpha amylase
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in saliva, briefly acts on dietary carbohydrates at random
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ligual lipase
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digests lipids; targets fatty acids smaller than 12c
breaks triacylglycerides into diglyerides and free fatty acids |
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what bond does alpha amylase cleave
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alpha(1,4) bonds of starch and glycogen
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what bonds cannot be broken by alpha amylase
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beta(1,4) bonds of cellulose
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indigestible bonds of amylopectin starch and glycogen
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alpha(1,6) bonds
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pepsin
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in stomach, cleaves proteins into larger peptides
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intrinsic factor
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in gastric secretions, is necessary for binding vit b12 and allowing for its absorption into the small intestine
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gastrin
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secreted by enteroendocrine cells
stimulates gastric secretions (HCl and pepsinogen) and gastric emptying |
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what hormones does the duodenum secrete
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secretin and cholecystokinin from intestinal endocrine cells
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secretin
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activates release of bicarb from pancreas
neutralizes the acid in the chyme to prevent acid inactivation of pancreatic enzymes |
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cholecystokinin
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inhibits gastric mobility
activates secretion of pancreatic enzymes secretion of bile from gall bladder activates enteropeptidase production by intestinal mucosal cells |
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pancreatic enzyme functions
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protein digestion
lipid digestion carbohydrate digestion DNA and RNA digestion |
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proteases in protein digestion
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trypsinogen
chymotrysinogen proelastase procarboxypeptidases A & B |
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lipid digestion enzymes of the pancreas
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pancreatic lipase, procolipase, and prophospholipase A2
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carbohydrate digestion enzyme of the pancreas
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alpha amylase
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DNA and RNA digestion enzymes of pancreas
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deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases
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steps of protease activation for protein digestion
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1. convert trypsinogen to trypsin by enteropeptidase
2. this causes trypsin activation and a cascade so that chymotrypsinogen -> chymotrypsin proelastase -> elastase procarboxypeptidases A & B -> carboxypeptidases A& B |
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activation of enzymes for lipid digestion
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prophospholipase A2 -> phospholipase A2
procolipase -> colipase |
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cystic fibrosis
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mutation of CFTR protein
impaired chloride secretion, absorption of H2O at tissue surface in lungs, airway surface liquid becomes depleted rendering cilia ineffective digestive system - dried mucus blocks the pancreatic duct decreasing pancreatic enzymes for digestions of all food groups |
