Biochem Chap 2 And Chap 3 Review

Front 1

What is the major fuel source for the brain and red blood cells

Back 1

Glucose

Front 2

What does insulin do?

Back 2

secreted from pancreas, carreis message tha tdietary glucose to available and can be stored. Initiates transport of glucose into adipose cells where they serve as glycerol moieties (TG)

Front 3

Where do carbs go?

Back 3

As glucose into the blood then to liver, brain, rbc, muscle, adipose tissue, and other tissues

Front 4

What two lipids are produced, where?

Back 4

chylomicrons (intestinal epithelial cells) and VLDL (liver)

Front 5

Where do Chylomicrons and VLDL get degraded into Fatty acids?

Back 5

blood vessels

Front 6

Glucagon

Back 6

supporessed by glucose and insulin levels. Carries message that glucose must be generated from endogenous fuel stores.

Front 7

How does glucose leave the intestine?

Back 7

Via the hepatic portal vein

Front 8

Protein goes where and is used most for what?

Back 8

amino acids from digestion of dietary protein are tranported to the liver, where they are used for precursors of nitrogen-containing compounds such as nonessential amino acids and serum proteins. Unused amino groups are converted to urea in teh liver to prevent ammonia toxicity. Animo acids are not excreted in teh urine of a healthy individual.

Front 9

When does fasting start?

Back 9

2-4 hours after a meal, blood glucose levels return to basal level cont. until next meal

Front 10

How do hormones change during fasting?

Back 10

Insulin devline, and glucagon rise - triggers relase of fuels from body stores

Front 11

Glycogenolysis

Back 11

(the lysis or splitting of glycogen to form glucose subunits) converstion of glycogen into glucose

Front 12

Lipolysis

Back 12

adipose triacylglycerols broken down into fatty acids and glycerol which is relased into the blood. Fatty acids are major fuel during overnight fasting

Front 13

Glucose to ATP is what kind of process?

Back 13

oxidation

Front 14

muscle and tissue oxidize fatty acids to?

Back 14

ATP, CO2, and H20

Front 15

Liver oxidizes Fatty Acids to?

Back 15

Keytone bodies, which are relased into blood. (Muscles kidney and other tissues can use KB for energy)

Front 16

Where does carbon come from for glyconeogenesis?

Back 16

Lactate, glycerol, and amino acids

Front 17

gluconeogenesis

Back 17

synthesis of glucose from non-carbhydrate compounds (Amino Acids)

Front 18

What happens when carbond of amino acids are converted to glucose by the liver?

Back 18

Nitrogen is converted to Urea

Front 19

where do keytone bodies come from?

Back 19

Fat oxidation