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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolsim of alcohol - what's made and in what order?
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Alcohol goes to acetylaldehyde.
Acetylaldehyde goes to acetate. This process reduces NAD to NADH. Acetate's used by muscles in the TCA cycle. |
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What happens to people who drink lots of alcohol really fast?
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Making all that acetate from acetylaldehyde reduces NAD to NADH - so you tend to use up most of your NAD.
The pyruvate you have sitting around tends to then do the anerobic thing, going to lactate, to generate more NAD from the NADH so glycolysis can happen. This lactate buildup can lower pH and you get acidemia. The pyruvate gets used up and you can't do gluconeogenesis - so you pass out if you depend on it (at night ,between meals, not a lot of pyruvate to go around). HYPOGLYCEMIA. |
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What is the brain's preferred sugar source?
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glucose
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What are the priorities for fuel in the body?
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1. Maintaining substrate for nervous system activity.
2. Maintain protein reserves. In fasting, try to minimize protein breakdown. 3. Replentish glycogen, then fat. |
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Why do hexokinase I/II have a different Km than hexokinase IV?
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Franklin says its because it allows the liver to keep making glucose-6-p and trapping glucose in the cell even when blood sugar is high, allowing
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generally, what are the effects of insulin?
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up glucose uptake
up glycogen synthesis down glycogen breakdown up glycolysis. |
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generally, what are the effects of glucagon?
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released by alpha cells.
stims glycogen breakdown, stims gluconeogenesis and stops glycolysis |
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effects of epinephrine?
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glycogen breakdown.
in the liver, it's going to do gluconeogenesis and release it. in peripheral muscle, it's going to make sure to retain glucose, not do gluconeogenesis. |
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How is pyruvat kinase allosterically regulated?
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by ATP - atp turns it off.
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How is pyruvate carboxylase allosterically controlled?
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acetyl co a turns it on, we have no idea why.
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what regulates the PPP pathway?
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NADPH negatively feeds back on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to keep glucose from going into the PPP cycle.
Also, xylulouse-5-phosphate activates stims glycolys through PFK-2/F-2,6BP |
