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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-What is the symbol for Gibbs Free Energy?
-What is the symbol for enthalpy and entropy? |
-delta G nought
-delta G nought prime |
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How does energy get used biologically?
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-inorganics nutrients converted to organic compounds using light through photosynthetic organisms
-these organic compounds are used for energy, taken by other organisms, turned into biopolymers and wastes |
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What is the Gibbs free energy for a spontaneous reaction?
How about a resonant equation? Exergonic reaction? Endergonic reaction? |
<0
0 <0 >0 |
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What is the delta G equation we need to know?
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deltaG = deltaH - (T)(deltaS)
H is change in enthalpy S is change is entropy T is degrees Kelvin |
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What does delta G tell us?
What DOESN'T it tell us? |
-tells us the spontaneity of the reaction but NOT the rate of reaction
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What is the important reaction for the energy balance of a cell?
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-hydrolysis of ATP
- ATP (4-) + water <--> ADP (3-) + H3PO4 (2-) + H (1+) |
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How are pyrophosphates bonds strained?
How are its products stabalized? What else happens to the products? |
-strain by electrostatic repulsion
-stabilization of products by ionization and resonance -additional hydration of products |
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What are some energy rich compounds?
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-pyrophosphates
-ATP -Acyl phosphates -Enolic phosphates -Guanidium phosphates -Thioesters |
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What phosphates are above ATP in energy usage?
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-pyrophosphate
-creatine phosphate -1,3-Bis-phosphoglycerate -Phosphoenolpyruvate (most kJ/mol) |
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What is the first reaction to occur in phosphorylation of glucose?
Then what? Lastly? |
-glycolysis (13.8kJ/mol)
-hydrolysis of ATP (large negative delta G: -30.5kJ/mol) -these reactions are coupled (energy needing and energy giving) to allow for spontaneous phosphorylation of glucose! (13.8 + -30.5 = -16.7 |
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What is another type of couple reaction?
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acetyl-CoA going to Malonyl-CoA with the treatment of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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What is the angle found in a water molecule?
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-104.5 degrees
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Which bonds are strongst?
Weakest? How about in between? |
-covalent
-Van der Waals -hydrophobic bonding is just above Van der Waals, but well below ionic and h-bonding (these are equal) |
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What is the equilibrium constant for water?
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-Keq = concentration of H times OH, all over water concentration
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What is the concentration of pure water? Calculate this.
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(1000g/L)/(18g/mol)=55.5mol/L = 55.5M
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When pure water dissociates, does H or OH have a higher concentration? What is it?
How about the ion product? |
-they are equal at 1 x 10^-7
-ion product is 1 x 10^-14 |
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What is the definition of a strong acid or base?
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-ionize completely in water such as HCl and NaOH
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What is the definition (or equation) for a weak acid?
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HA <--> H+ + A-
ex; acetic acid Ka= [H][A]/[HA] ka=1.76 x 10^-5 |
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What is pH?
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-a convenient expression of [H]
- pH=-log[H] |
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What are the two factors that buffer capacity depends on?
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1)molar concentration of acid/base pair
2)ratio of the concentration of acid/base pair |
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What do buffers contain?
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-a weak acid and its conjugate base
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How would you define concentration in terms of buffers?
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-the sum of the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base
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If [acetic acid]=[acetate]=.1M, considered a .2M acetate buffer?
How about .15M acetic acid and .05 acetate? |
Yes
Yes |
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What is the equation one should know when dealing with pH?
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pH=pka + log [A]/[HA]
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation |