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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of bonds link Monosaccharides to alcohols and amines?
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Glycosidic
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What is involved in a glycosidic bond?
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Anomeric (C) atom and (OH) oxygen of alcohol.
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What are the two types of glycosidic bonds? Which one is most prominent?
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O-glycosidic bond involves the O from the alcohol.
N-glycosidic bonds involve the N from the amine Glycosides also have an alpha and beta form. O-glycosidic bond is most prominent. |
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Aldehydes of sugars can be reduced to____?
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The free aldehyde group reacts and gets reduced to a carboxylate
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What is Fehling's reagent? What does it detect?
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Fehling's reagent is Cu2+.The reactive groups interact with it and reduces sugars. Detect presence of sugars with a color change from blue (cu2+) to brick red (Cu+).
It can be used to monitor glucose levels in the blood. |
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What is the significance of Hemoglobin A1C?
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It is a glycosylated hemoglobin.If the levels are high/low it can determine how well diabetes is being managed by the patient because of the reducing sugars using Fehling's reagent (Cu2+)
Glucose + Hemoglobin A--> Hemoglobin A1C |
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What is a modified monosaccharide? What are 2 examples?
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Carbohydrates can be modified by the addition of substituents other than hydroxyl groups.Such modified carbohydrates are often expressed on cell surfaces.
Examples: -Sialic acid -B-D-Acetylglucosime (used in arthritis treatment) |
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Why are phosphorylated sugars important?
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They are important for metabolic functions.
Can be used as a lipid bilayer barrier because once the sugars are phosphorylated they become negatively charged, cannot readily cross bilayer. Held in cell. Ex: DHA, GAP |
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How would you form a disaccharide?
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Link two monosaccharide sugars by a O-glycosidic bond.
Ex: Sucrose= (Glu + Fru) Lactose= (Galactose + Glucose) Maltose =(Glu + Glu) |
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Where can disaccharides be found?
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Disaccharidases present at the microvillus border (brush border) of the intestinal cells
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