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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compound
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substances containing two or more diff types of elements that are chem bounded
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Cohesion
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the attraction between like molecules
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adhesion
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the attraction between unlike molecules
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surface tension
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when cohesion creates a boundary on the outside of a molecule
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solute
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the substance that goes in a substance
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solvent
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the substance that receives the solute
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acid
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substances that break down into H+
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base
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substances that break down to release OH-
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Organic molecules
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movelcules that contain c-h bonds and are found in living things
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Carbohydrates
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organic compound made up of sugar molecules
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monosaccharide
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simple sugars with one unit
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polysaccharide
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large polymer chains made up of simple sugar monomers
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lipids
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watering avoiding molecules that do not mix
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glycerol
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a polysaccharide
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what are proteins constructed from?
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a polymer constructed from 20 different monomers called amino acids
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what are nucleotides
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the monomers of nucleic acid polymers
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enzymes
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proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body
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denaturing
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when high temps or extreme pH values affect the shape of an enzyme
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catalyst
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a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
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substrate
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the specific reactant that an enzyme can act on
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what monomers make up carbohydrates?
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monosaccharide
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what monomers make up lipids?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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what monomers make up nucleic acids?
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nucleotides
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what monomers make up proteins?
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amino acids
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what atoms make up carbos?
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carbonn, hydrogen, oxygen
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what atoms make up liipids?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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what atoms make up nucleic acids?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, pepotides
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what atoms make up proteins?
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CHON
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what is the function of a carbo?
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quick energy, polysaccharide =energy for storage and building
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what is the function of a lipid?
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long term energy, forms membranes for cells, chemical messengers
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what is the funciton of a nuclic acid?
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to pass down heritable genetic info
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what is the function of a protein?
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to transport atoms in and out of cells, forms structures, speeds up chemical reactions (enzymes)
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ex carbo?
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mono = glucose, frucose, galactose
poly = starch, glycogen, cellulose |
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ex lipid?
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Fats = oil, butter, lard
steroid = cholestrol, estrogen, testosterone |
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ex protein?
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makes up muscles, hair, fur
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Difference btw simple sugar and starch?
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simple sugar= fast energy
starch = energy storage |
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diff btw fats and steriods?
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steroids act as chemical messengers
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what bond holds nucleotides together?
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covalent bonds
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how may diff amino acids?
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20
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how do plants and animals store polysaccharides?
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plants = starch
animals = glycogen |
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what are saturated fats?
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max # of hydrogen, only a single straight bond, solid at room temp
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what are unsaturated fats?
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less then max # Hydrogen, 1 double bond, crooked chain, liquid at room temp
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what is the best known steriod?
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cholesterol surrounds your cells with protection
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what are the three parts of a nucleotide?
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a sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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what are the three groups attached to carbon in a amino acid?
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amino group, carboxyl group, and the side group
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protein are made up of one or more ______
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polypeptide chains
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