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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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redox state of C=
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=4-(2nh+nc)
h=bonds to h c=bonds to c |
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4 main types of e- transfer
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-directly as e-
-as H (H+ + e-) -> eg. FADH2/FADH -as hydride (H-) -> eg. NADH/NADH+ -direct combo w/ O2 |
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NAD (3)
(incl: what made out of) |
-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
-most common e- carrier -made from vita B + niacin -hydride transfer |
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coenzyme Q
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-e- carrier
-lipophilic (travels in hydrophobic membrane) - Q->QH2 |
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prosthetic group of cytochromes (including cyt c)
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-heme
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copper
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- e- carrier
-protein cofactor -each Cu bound to 3 his side chains |
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FeS clusters
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- e- carrier
-protein cofactor -each bound to 4 cys side chains |
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mitochondrial structure
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-outer membrane
-intermembrane space -inner membrane -matrix |
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What is found in the mitochondrial matrix?
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-enzymes for Krebs cycle, ox of fatty acids, pyruvate, etc
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ETC overview:
main source of e- main parts transfer parts final e- acceptor |
(E- transport chain)
- most e-'s from NADH -3 transfer proteins: complexes I, III, & IV -Q and cytochrome c -O2 |
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stoichiometry of ETC
delta G |
NADH + H+ +1/2O2 -> NAD+ + H2O
delta G = -53 kcal/mol |
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alternate source of e- in ETC
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-FADH2 via complex II
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NADH-Q reductase:
size net rxn H+'s moved |
(complex I)
-34 polypep chains - NADH + H+ + Q -> NAD+ + QH2 -4 H+ out of matrix |
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Cytochrome reductase:
size net rxn H+'s moved |
(complex III)
-11 ppep chains - QH2 + 2cyt c(FeIII) -> 2H+ + Q + 2 cyst c(FeII) -2H+ out of matrix (into cytosol) |
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Cytochrome oxidase:
net equation H+'s moved dangerous biproducts |
(complex IV)
-4H+ + [4e-]+O2->2H20+4H++4cytc(FeII)+O2-> 2H20+4cytc(FeIII) -4H+ - H2O2, O2- (superoxide) |
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How does cytochrome oxidase avoid forming dangerous side products?
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(H202, 02-)
-4cyt c feeds e- 1 at a time through CuA & heme Fe to binuclear (bimetallic) center |
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what is the function of the binuclear center in cytochrome oxidase?
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-binds 02 and stabilizes intermediate while e- is being transfered to them
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