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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 10 Hallmarks of cancer cells? |
1. Self sufficiency in growth signals 2. Evade Growth Suppressors
3. Evading Apoptosis: programmed cell death 4. Limitless Replicative Potential (Cancer cell can divide indefinitely) 5. Sustained Angiogenesis: Vasculature is essential for cell function and survival
6. Tissue Invasion and Metastasis
7. Tumourigenesis is enabled by … Genomic Instability / Mutation
8. Tumor-promoting Inflammation … (Enabling characteristic)
9. Evading Immune Destruction … (an emerging hallmark)
10. Reprogramming Energy Metabolism … (an emerging hallmark) - deregulating cell energetics
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Name the strategies for acquired growth signal autonomy |
- Cancer cells manufacture their own growth factors (PDGF, TGFa) - Overexpression / mutation of cell surface receptors (EGF-R or HER2/neu) - Activate additional downstream pathways - Disrupt negative regulators of proliferation |
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Which hallmarks affect the 'gas' and 'brake' of cancer cells? |
Sustained proliferative signalling is like hitting the gas, evading growth supressors is like cutting the brake line. |
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How do Telomeres factor into cancer? |
Telomeres are the physical end of chromosomes, used as a measure of the lifespan of cells, Telomerase produces telomeres, and high levels of telomerase are produced in cancer cells. |
