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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many ATP are made from 1 glucose?
Draw it out |
roughly 30ATP
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Three steps of fa catabolism
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1)Lipolysis
2)Activation and transport into mitochondria |
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Steps of processing dietary lipids
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1)Bile salts from gale bladder emulsify to form mycelles
2)Colipase from pancreas ducts activated by tripsin 3)Colipase recruited by cholic acid, which recruits and activates lipoprotein lipases 4)Lipases cleave ester bond to make glyceral and fa 5)Fa and glycerol uptaken by intestinal mucosa 6)Glycerol and fa reconverted into TAGs 7)TAGs are packaged in chylomicrons with apolipoproteins and transported to liver capillaries 8)Lipoprotein lipase activated by apoC-II in capillary 9)Fa and glycerol uptaken by liver |
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Draw cholic acid
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see notes
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Draw the story of colipase and lipoprotein lipase
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-bile salts inhibit lipase
-colipase enters the intestine as a zymogen, which tripsin cleaves and activates -colipase recruited first to bile salt -colipase allosteric modulator |
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Familial hypercholemia
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-Receptors for LDL are defective, so liver produces more
-results in increased deposition of cholesterol over life |
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Size of lipid lipoprotein particles
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chylomichrons > VLDL > LDL > HDL
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Destination of fa in liver cytosol
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> 22C : peroxisome beta-oxidation
12-22C: Carnitine shuttle to matrix < 12C: diffuses into matrix |
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Draw carnitine shuttle
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on sheet
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Draw 4 steps of beta-oxidation
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on sheet
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3 isoforms of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
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VLCAD - 12-18C
MCAD - 1-14 SCAD |
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products of beta-oxidation
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1)at fatty acyl-CoA that is -2C
2)acetyl-CoA 3)NADH 4)FADH2 |
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Energy generated from beta-oxidation of palmitate
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8 acetyl-CoA (8xCAC) => 80ATP
7 FADH2 + 7 NADH => 28ATP Total is 108 ATP |
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Specific beta-oxidation issues
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1)Odd # of carbon: last 3C propionyl to 4C succinyl-CoA w/ B12 and biotin
2)Branched / long chain fa: digested in peroxisome where no FADH2 is made 3)Double bonds |
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Lorenzo's oil
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used to treat XALD, where peroxisomes can't transport in long chain
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Sources of NADPH
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1)Pentos phosphate pathway
2)Transport of acetyl-CoA to cytosol (reversion of malate to pyruvate) |
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Requirements for Fatty acid synthetase
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1)A seeding acetyl-CoA
2)NADPH (2/cycle) 3)malonyl-CoA (1/cycle) |
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HMG-CoA reductase
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makes mevolanate and statins inhibit it
-rate limiting step -phosphorylated by AMPK to turn it off |
