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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of channel proteins in nerve cell membranes
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allow regulated passage of ions in and out of the cell to maintain or create depolarisation
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What is a membrane potential?
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Charge difference between inside and outside of the cell: usually about 75mV
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What is an action potential
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Transient increase in membrane potential which activates a nerve impulse
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List three means of removal of neurotansmitters from the synapse
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Diffusion, enzymatic breakdown, active reabsorption
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How much of the bodys glucose and oxygen does the brain use?
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60% and 20% respectively
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What does the brain use for fuel?
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Glucose (ketone bodies as well during starvation)
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Which two amino acids are the most abundant in the brain?
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glutamate and aspartate
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List five groups of neurotransmitters
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acetyl choline; amino acids; biogenic amines; purine derivatives; peptides and proteins
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Name two inhibitory neurotransmitters
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glycine and 4-aminobutyrate (GABA)
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What is another name for ionotrophic receptors
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Ligand-gated ion channels
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What is the usual approximate value of a cells membrane potential?
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75mV
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Is a cell potential negative on the inside or the outside of the cell?
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Negative on the inside of the cell with respect to the outside
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is nerve transmission faster in myelinated or unmyelinated nerve cells?
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myelinated
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In transmission of nerve impulses, hose is most energy expended?
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Re-establishing resting membrane potential (using ATP dependent pumps)
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What is the purpose of a synapse
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Communication between a nerve cell and another nerve, a muscle or a gland
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Name three amino acids which act as neurotransmitters
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gluatmate, aspartate, glycine
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From what are the purine derivative neurotransmitters derived?
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adenosine
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List five biogenic amines
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Any five of GABA; dopa; dopamine; adrenaline; noradrenaline; serotonin; histamine
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What are the two types of neurotransmitter receptors?
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Ionotrophic and metabotrophic
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What purpose does glucose serve in the brain besides energy production?
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production of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine
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Why can't fatty acids provide an energy source for the brain?
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Fats can't cross the blood-brain barrier
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