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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List seven nitrogen containing compounds found in urine
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urea, uric acid, ammonia, creatinine, indoles, porphyrins, amino acids
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what will a plant based diet do to the pH of the urine
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raises pH (decreases acidity)
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what constituent in the urine indicates pregnancy
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hCG (human chorionic gonadopropin)
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What is the normal renal clearance of inulin
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120mls/min
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What condition should be considered as possible if a person has glucose in their urine?
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Diabetes mellitus
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name 2 hormones produced by the kidneys
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erythropoietin, calcitriol
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What hormone does renin directly activate
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Angiotensin, which is then converted to angiotensin I and then to angiotensin II
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What is the main stimulus for the production of the following substances: erythropoietin,renin
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erythropoietin produced stimulated by hypoxia
renin production stimulated by low plasma sodium levels |
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What factors affect whether or not a particle will be filtered by the glomerulus
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mass, charge, and shape
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By what process are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed from the tubules
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active transport
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By what process are hydrogen and potassium ions secreted into the urine
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active transport
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list three substances which are passively reabsorbed
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water, chloride ions, urea
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name the three hormones which regulate calcium and phosphate ecretion
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PTH, calcitonin, calcitriol
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Which two hormones are predominantly responsible for regulating sodium ion retention
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Aldosterone and ANP
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Name the two main hormones which regulate water reabsorption
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ANP and ADH
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What substances does the kidney secrete in order to maintain pH levels?
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hydrogen ions
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What is taken into the blood to balance the charge of hydrogen ions secreted into the urine?
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sodium ions
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Name two substances which buffer the acid in the urine
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phosphate and ammonia
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Name five amino acids which supply ammonia in the kidney
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glutamine, alanine, serine, glycine, aspartate
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List four possible substrates of gluconeogenesis in the kidney
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glutamine, lactate, glycerol, pyruvate
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What gradient drives glucose reuptake
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sodium ion concentration gradient
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What effect does cortisol have on gluconeogenesis?
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increase
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What process provides most of the energy needed by the kidney
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oxidative metabolism of glucose, lactate, pyruvate
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What effect does gluconeogenesis have on the pH of urine
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raises pH by increasing ammonia production
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In the liver, ammonia is converted to urea for excretion. Why is this not necessary in the kidney?
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The ammonia produced in the kidney is directly excreted into the urine, and does not ned to travel via the blood stream.
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In acidosis would you expect ammonia excretion to increase or decrease
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increase
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List three enzymes of amino acid metabolism, found in high concentrations in the kidney
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amino acid oxidases, amine oxidases and glutaminase
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What two organs are predominantly responsible for maintaining pH of extracellular fluids in the body?
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kidneys and lungs
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Where are the hormones which regulate sodium reabsorption produced?
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Aldosterone- adrenal cortex; ANP- atrium of the heart
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Which two hormones stimulate reabsorption of calcium ions?
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PTH, calcitriol
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What is the function of erythropoietin?
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stimulates erythrocyte production
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Give two mens by which angiotensin II increases blood pressure
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increases sodium ion and water retention; causes vasoconstriction.
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