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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transformation
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A process of which one bacteria is changed into another (disease causing strain)
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Bacteriophage
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it is a virus that infects and kills bacteria
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Nucleotide
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it is what makes up DNA, consists of 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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Base pairing
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principle bonds in DNA that can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
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Base pairing
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principle bonds in DNA that can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
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Chromatin
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granular material visible within the nucleus, consists of DNA coiled around proteins.
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Histone
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It is a globular protein molecule around which DNA is coiled around chromatin.
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Replication
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it is a process of which a cell duplicates DNA
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Ribosomal RNA
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type of RNA that makes up major part of ribosomes
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DNA Polymerase
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It is an enzyme that proofreads new DNA strands, ensuring that each molecule is a near perfect copy of the original.
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Messenger RNA
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RNA molecule that carries instructions for assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.
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Transfer RNA
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type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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Transcription
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process in which one strain of bacteeria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
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RNA polymerase
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enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and seperates the DNA during transcription
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Promoter
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region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make DNA
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Intron
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intervening sequence of DNA, does not code for a protein
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Exon
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expressed sequence of DNA, codes for a protein
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Codon
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three nucleotide sequencee on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
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Translation
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Process of which mRNA is decoded into a polypeptide chain
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anticodon
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group of three bases on a tRNA molecule taht are complementary to an mRNA codon
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Mutation
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changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic info
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Point mutation
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mutations that effect one nucleotide
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Frameshift mutations
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inserting an extra nucleotide to cause mutation
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operon
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a group of genes that operate together
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operator
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region of chromosomes in operon that repressor binds when the operon is turned off
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hox genes
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control organs and tissues that develop in various parts of the embryo
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