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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which part of amino acids can be used for energy and biosynthesis?
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Carbon skeleton
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How is ammonia eliminated?
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As urea
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What is the primary proteolytic enzyme of the stomach?
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Pepsin
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Where is Aminopeptidase found?
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in PM of intestinal cells
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Function of Aminotransferases?
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Catalyze the reversible transfer of amino group from amino acid to α-keto acid
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3 examples of transaminase reactions
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1.Aspartate <-> Oxaloacetate
2. Glutamate <-> α-KG 3. Alanine <-> Pyruvate |
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Function of glutamate dehydrogenase
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Glutamate + NAD+/NADP+
⇌ α-KG + NADH/NADPH + NH4 |
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Pathway for amino acid deamination
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AA ⇌ α-Keto Acid [AT] α-KG ⇌ Glu
Glu + NAD+/NADP+ ⇌ α-KG + NADH/NADPH + NH4 [GDH] |
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Special Deamination Cases
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Serine and Threonine can be directly deaminated by Ser or Thr Dehydratase
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Urea Cycle
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0. NH4 + CO2 → Carbamoyl Phosphate
1. Carbamoyl-P + Ornithine → Citrulline 2. Citrulline + Aspartate → Argininosuccinate 3. Argininosuccinate → Fumarate + Arginine 4. Arginine + H2O → Ornithine + Urea |
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How does Fumarate return to urea cycle?
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Fumarate → Malate → OAA
OAA →[AT]→Asp Asp re-enters urea cycle |
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Sources of nitrogen for urea cycle
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1. NH3 from aa deamination → Glu
2. Aspartate |
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Which steps of urea cycle are in mitochondria?
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- NH4 + CO2 → Carbamoyl-P
- Carbamoyl-P + Ornithine → Citrulline *Citrulline enters cytoplasm |
