Bioc Minerals/vitamins

Front 1

what is a trace element and function as cofactor for enzymes

Back 1

selenium

Front 2

glutathione peroxidase GPx

iodothyronine deidinase IDI

Back 2

selenium

Front 3

what are the symptoms in Se deficiency in animal

Back 3

white muscle disease in sheep

unsteady gate and arched back

Front 4

deficiency in human

Back 4

in some area in china- keshan diease- enlargement of heart, loss of flexibility (cardiomyopathy)

- low Se content in soils

Front 5

is there Se deficiency disease in here?

does it particially assocaited with cancer

Back 5

no

yes

Front 6

explain the fuction of selenium

Back 6

free radical attack, fatty acid peroxides cause damage,

so GSH + Se to GSSG to fatty alcohols then harmless catabolism

GPx helps arrest lipid peroxidation

Front 7

what are the other function of selenium

Back 7

IDI is controls the thyroid funciton, T4 to T3

thioredoxin reductase

25 selenoproteins in mammals

Front 8

zinc deficiency

Back 8

- stunted growth i children

- decreased taste sensation

- imparied imune funcion

Front 9

severe deficiency

Back 9

- dwrfism

- delayed sexual maturation

- hypopigmented hair

Front 10

human in zinc deficiency first reported in egypt

Back 10

diets low in meat, staple based on beans, unleaved bread, other wholegrain foods, high in fibre and ohytate

Front 11

causes of zinc deficiency

Back 11

- decreased intake, absorption or increase intake of inhibitor

- increased losses - votmit, poo

increased- requirement- growth, pregnancy, lactation

Front 12

zinc intake enhancers

Back 12

animal protein

organic acids

Front 13

zinc inhibitors

Back 13

phytate

calcium

iron copper

oxylate (spinitch, chocolate)

Front 14

zinc intake requirement: 8, 18

hre: 15.2, 10.2

Back 14

sufficient

Front 15

food rich in zinc

Back 15

oysters

red meat

chickn thigh

sole

Front 16

what are functions of zinc

Back 16

regulation

protein and nucleic acid metabolism

lipid and carb metabolism

interactions with hormones

growth and reproducton

immune function T cells

appetite- taste acuity,night vision

vitamin A metabolism

Front 17

RDI for zinc

n intake

Back 17

60-70

30-60

Front 18

good source for selenium

Back 18

high:

fish, brazil nuts, liver and kidney

medium

poultry/eggs, other meat

Front 19

history of goitre

post-re-emergence of mild iodine deficiency

Back 19

iodine

Front 20

mild and moderate ID

Back 20

smaller than

100

50

Front 21

reasons for reduction in iodine status

Back 21

- reduction in use idophors in dairy industry

- lower intake of iodised salt

- decreased use of discretionary (salt)

- use of non-iodised forms: rock salt

Front 22

what are some IDD?

Back 22

hypothyroidism <100

goiter <50

imparied mental function <50

retarded physical develpment and

abortion stillbirths, congenital abnormalities <25

cretinism <25

Front 23

mandatory iodine fortification

Back 23

iodine salt in bread

Front 24

what deficiency is most common around the world

Back 24

roni

Front 25

shuttle between ferrous to ferric forms

also assist many enymes

Back 25

iron

Front 26

RDI for iron

Back 26

8, 18

1% males and 26% females have inadequate intakes

Front 27

what are the supply for iron

Back 27

- amount eaten

haem vs non haem

promoters andinhibitors in diet

Front 28

what are the requirements of iron

Back 28

absortion higher if sttus low

menstration

growth, regnancy an lactation

presence of infections

Front 29

animal flesh

from plants

Back 29

- provide haem and non-haem

- non haem

Front 30

intake of haem and non haem

Back 30

10-15 non- 85-90

Front 31

of absorption

Back 31

haem: 25-35 non- haem: 2-10

Front 32

ron promoters and inhibitors

Back 32

promoters:

vitamin C

meat fish an protein taken at the same time as non-heme iron

inhibitors

phytates

coffee and tea

EDTA

calcium, vinc and manganese

Front 33

absorption higher if status low

Back 33

cool

during life when you are pregnant or groth spurt you need iron

Front 34

iron deficiency severe

Back 34

low stores and anaemic

Front 35

functions of vitamin A

Back 35

- functio in vision

- integrity of epithelial cells

- embryonic development

- maintnace of immune function

Front 36

what is vitamin A deficiency called

Back 36

xerophthalmia

Front 37

what are the components and process of itamin A formation cis- trans

Back 37

opsin and 11-cis retinal= rhodopsin

change in shape leads ot nerves impulse

Front 38

two types of vitamin A

Back 38

preformed retinol

provitamin A carotenoids

Front 39

beta carotene

dioxygenase- 2 retinols

Back 39

yeah

Front 40

vitamin D process

Back 40

7 dehydrocholesterl

D3

dietary intake (both to liver)

25 D3

to kidneys

form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3

this maintain calcium balance in the body

Front 41

vitamin D deficiency in adults and chldren?

Back 41

osteomalacia

ricket

Front 42

people with fat malabsorption

Back 42

also leads to deficiency, risky

Front 43

source for vitamin D

Back 43

oily fish and egg yolk

mushrooms that is exposed to the sun

and vitamin D is permitted to be added to diary product

analogues derived fromlegumes and cereals

Front 44

have you have too much

Back 44

yes, hypercalcaemia

Front 45

main source from vitamin E (tocopherol)

Back 45

oil from plants and animal food- fatty tissues

and the function is maintaencance of membrne integrity

deficiency is rare

Front 46

what does part of coensyme thaimin pyrophosphate does

Back 46

assist in energy metabolism of all cells

situated on the membrane o nerve cells

rapid turn over limited storage.