Bioc Chapter 38 Reproduction Of Flowering Plants Part 2

Front 1

Define fruit

Back 1

A fruit is the mature ovary of a flower.

Front 2

When does the flower develop into a fruit

Back 2

While the seeds are developing from ovules

Front 3

What does the fruit do for the plant

Back 3

The fruit protects the enclosed seeds and, when mature, aids in their dispersal by wind or animals.

Front 4

What is needed for the flower to turn into a fruit

Back 4

The flower needs to be pollinated

Front 5

Define pericarp

Back 5

The thickened wall of the fruit. The ovary wall becomes the pericarp during fruit development.

Front 6

Define simple fruit

Back 6

A simple fruit develops from a single carpel (or several fused carpels) of one flower

Front 7

Define aggregate fruit

Back 7

An aggregate fruit develops from many separate carpels of one flower

Front 8

Define multiple fruit

Back 8

A multiple fruit develops from many carpels of the many flowers that form an inflorescence

Front 9

Define accessory fruit

Back 9

An accessory fruit develops largely from tissues other than the ovary. In the apple fruit, the ovary is embedded in a fleshy receptacle.

Front 10

Coevolution

Back 10

When two interacting species evolve together in response to selection imposed by the other.

Front 11

Which normally develops first, the endosperm or the embryo?

Back 11

The endosperm.

Front 12

What does the first mitotic division of the zygote produce

Back 12

The first mitotic division of the zygote splits the fertilized egg into a basal cell and a terminal cell.

Front 13

What does the terminal cell eventually give rise to?

Back 13

Most of the embryo

Front 14

What does the basal cell produce

Back 14

It produces a thread of cells called the suspensor, which anchors the embryo to the parent plant.

Front 15

What does the suspensor do?

Back 15

It helps transfer nutrients to the embryo from the parent plant and from the endosperm.

Front 16

What is dormancy?

Back 16

Dormancy is when the embryo stops growing and its metabolism nearly ceases. The embryo and its food supply become enclosed by a hard, protective seed coat formed from the integuments of the ovule.

Front 17

Imbibition

Back 17

The uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed. This causes the seed to expand and rupture its coat and triggers changes in the embryo that enable it to resume growth.

Front 18

Fragmentation

Back 18

The separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole plants. One of the most common modes of asexual reproduction. An example is being able to grow a potato with the potato "eye"

Front 19

Apomixis

Back 19

An asexual production of seeds.

Front 20

What is vegetative reproduction?

Back 20

An alternate name for asexual reproduction

Front 21

Dioexious species

Back 21

Plants that cannot self-fertilize because different individuals have either staminate flower that lack carpels, or carpellate flowers that lack stamens.

Front 22

Self-incompatibility

Back 22

The ability of a plant to reject its own pollen and the pollen of closely related individuals.

Front 23

What is self-incompatibility based on

Back 23

Recognition of "self" pollen is based on genes called S-genes. In the gene pool of a population, there can be dozens of alleles of an S-gene. If a pollen grain has an allele that matches an allele of the stigma on which it lands, the pollen tube either fails to germinate or its tube fails to grow through the style to the ovary.

Front 24

Callus

Back 24

A mass of dividing, undifferentiated totipotent cells located at the cut end of the shoot.